608 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (MACPHEBSON NASRKDDIN.) 



In 1843 the two established a business of their own, 

 and soon afterward they acquired another in Cain- 

 bridge and removed thither. After his brother's 

 death, in 1857, Alexander returned with the grow- 

 ing business of Macmillan & Co. to London. His 

 piiblications grew from 44 in 1858 to 102 in 1863, 

 and after that in an increasing ratio, both in 

 the direction of general literature and in that of 

 educational works. An important branch was 

 opened in New York, which was reorganized on an 

 independent basis in 1890 under George Platt Brett 

 as American partner. Alexander Macmillan's 

 strong intellectual interest in literature, especially 

 in philosophy and poetry, created an unwonted bond 

 between the publisher and his particular group of 

 authors, which included Archdeacon Hare, Thomas 

 Hughes, Kingsley, Maurice, and later John Richard 

 Green. 



Macpherson, Sir David Lewis, a Canadian 

 statesman, born in Inverness, Scotland, in 1818 ; 

 died Aug. 16, 189(5. He was educated at Inverness 

 Academy, emigrated to Canada in 1835, engaged in 

 railroad contracting, and became a director in the 

 bank of John Molson, his father-in-law. He be- 

 came President of the Interoceanic Railroad Com- 

 pany that undertook to build a railroad through to 

 British Columbia. He was a member of the Legis- 

 lative Council of Canada from 1864 till 1867, when 

 he was called into the Dominion Senate. He was 

 Speaker of this body and a member of the Cabinet 

 without portfolio from February, 1880, till October, 

 1883, when he resigned the speakership to accept 

 the appointment of Minister of the Interior. Hr 

 was knighted in 1884. When the Cabinet of Sir 

 John Macdonald was reorganized in 1887 Sir David 

 Macpherson retired. He remained a member of the 

 Senate till his death. 



Meig'iian, truillaunie Rene\ a French prelate, 

 born in Denaze, April 11, 1817; died in Tours, Jan. 

 20, 1896. He was for a considerable period Arch- 

 bishop of Tours, and was created a cardinal on Jan. 

 16, 1893. 



Monaco la Valetta, Raffaele, an Italian prel- 

 ate, born in Aquila, Feb. 23, 1827 ; died in Gerola, 

 near Naples, July 14, 1896. He was the dean of the 

 Sacred College, having been made a cardinal by Pius 

 IX on March 13, 1868, and was at one time cardinal 

 vicar. Becoming in later years incapacitated for 

 strenuous labors by failing health, he was appointed 

 Bishop of Ostia and Velletri in 1889. He was also 

 prefect of the Congregation of Ceremonial, Grand 

 Penitentiary, prior in Rome of the Sovereign Order 

 of St. John of Jerusalem, and archpriest of the Lat- 

 eran basilica. 



Mores, Antoine Manca de Yallombrosa, Mar- 

 quis de, a French explorer, born in Paris, June 14, 

 1858 ; died in Tripoli, June 8, 1896. He was a son 

 of the Due de Vallombrosa. He was graduated at 

 St. Cyr in 1878 and commissioned a lieutenant of 

 cuirassiers. In 1881 he married Miss Hoffmann, 

 daughter of a New York banker, and, resigning 

 from the army, purchased a tract of 15,000 acres in 

 the Bad Lands of Dakota, on which he settled. The 

 land proved valuable for stock raising, and he un- 

 dertook to establish a slaughtering business in con- 

 nection with it and agencies for distributing the meat 

 at low prices directly to consumers in the principal 

 cities. He was greatly annoyed by cattle thieves in 

 Dakota, who made many attempts to assassinate 

 him, one of which resulted in his killing one of his 

 assailants, for which he was arrested, but was 

 promptly acquitted. He abandoned in 1886 his 

 ranch and the town that he planted there and 

 named Medorah after his wife, his combination of 

 business with philanthropy having resulted in losses. 

 After visiting Tonquin, which he proposed to con- 

 nect with China by a railroad, he returned in 1888 



to France and threw himself into the Boulangist 

 movement. Later he became a rabid anti-Semite, 

 and in 1891 he underwent three months of imprison- 

 ment for articles and pamphlets attacking the Jews. 

 This campaign involved him in four duels, in one of 

 which he killed his adversary, Capt. Mayer. He 

 took part also in socialist demonstrations. He con- 

 ceived a scheme of gaining for France the friend- 

 ship of the Tuaregs and other Mohammedan races 

 of Africa, and through an alliance with them cir- 

 cumventing the expansion of English influence and 

 making the continued British occupation of Egypt 

 impossible. With this idea he went to Tunis and 

 organized an expedition to the Tuareg country from 

 Tripoli. Near Ghadames his Tuareg escort, tempted 

 by the rich booty of the caravan, murdered him 

 and some of his companions who took his part. 



Mueller, Baron Sir Ferdinand von, an Austral- 

 ian botanist, born in Rostock, Germany, in June, 

 1825 ; died in Victoria, Oct. 9, 1896. He was trained 

 as a pharmacist, devoting his leisure time to the study 

 of botany and chemistry. He investigated thor- 

 oughly the botany of Schleswig-Holstein, studied at 

 the University of Kiel, and obtained a doctor's de- 

 gree in philosophy in 1847. Emigrating then to 

 Australia in order to escape hereditary phthisis, he 

 at once entered upon his life's labor of Australian 

 exploration and researches into the resources and 

 possibilities of the different parts of the continent. 

 In four years he carried his botanical explorations 

 over 4,000 miles. He was appointed in 1852 Gov- 

 ernment botanist to the colony of Victoria. In the 

 Gregory expedition through northern and central 

 Australia he was one of the four who reached Lake 

 Termination in 1856, and he collected specimens of 

 vegetation over a route of 6,000 miles through pre- 

 viously unexplored country. He was appointed di- 

 rector of the Melbourne Botanical Garden on his 

 return. In this office he rendered services of eco- 

 nomical and scientific value to Australia and to the 

 world. He was the first to cultivate the Victoria 

 regia. He was the means of introducing many 

 useful plants into Australia, and of sending in ex- 

 change to other countries a large number of plants 

 native to Australia. He suggested and took active 

 steps to bring about the introduction of the eucalyp- 

 tus into Algeria and other countries. His great 

 knowledge as a botanist was directed wherever pos- 

 sible to furthering useful practical ends. Not a 

 few Australian industries received their first inspira- 

 tion from his suggestions. It was partly at his in- 

 stance that the camel was introduced into Australia 

 and first used in exploration in 1860. In recent 

 years he took a great interest in antarctic explora- 

 tion. He was made a hereditary baron by the King 

 of Wurtemberg in 1871. Baron von Mueller was a 

 voluminous writer on botanical subjects and printed 

 over a hundred memoirs in scientific magazines. 

 Most of his writings are strictly scientific in form. 

 There are about a dozen volumes of his " Phyto- 

 graphia Australia;." With Bentham he compiled 

 " Flora Australiensis." He published a work on 

 the " Plants of Victoria " and books on the eucalyp- 

 tus and other special botanical subjects. 



Nasreddin, Shah of Persia, born April 4, 1829; 

 died April 30, 1896. He was the son of Mohammed 

 Shah by a queen of the Kajar family, whose influ- 

 ence and ability, as well as her royal birth, prevailed 

 with the Shah, and finally induced him to proclaim 

 her son Valiahd, or heir apparent, in preference to 

 the older princes. He was accordingly appointed 

 Governor of Azerbaijan, and when his father died 

 he was proclaimed Shah in Shah, or King of Kings, 

 Sept. 10, 1848. He was residing in Tabriz, and his 

 accession to the throne was seriously disputed, espe- 

 cially by the followers of the reformer El Bab, upon 

 whom he took a terrible vengeance when he finally 



