614 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN". (SEE SPULLER.) 



cess than her histrionic talent, and though a spirited 

 and thoroughly natural actress, she lacked the 

 technical training and necessary vigor. In her 

 readings she was more successful. She played in 

 New York in 1868, and was not well received, nor 

 were her subsequent appearances in London suc- 

 cessful. In 1872 she starred in the United States 

 and Australia with mediocre success. Her read- 

 ings, however, marked by intelligence and clearness 

 of interpretation, were always well liked. Since 

 1881 she has lived in retirement. 



S6e, Germain, a French physician, born in Ri- 

 beauville, Alsace, in 1818 ; died in Paris, May 12, 

 189G. He studied first in Metz and then in Paris, 

 obtained his doctor's degree in 1846, gained a 

 reputation in the hospitals, and after 1802 became 

 widely known through his brilliant lectures on pa- 

 thology. In 1866 the Empress Eugenie urged his 

 candidacy for the chair of Therapeutics, and he 

 was elected in spite of the jealousy of the mem- 

 bers of the profession aroused by the interference 

 of the Empress. The students, however, refused 

 to listen to him until by his display of pluck and 

 physical prowess in fighting for his place he won 

 their admiration and respect, after which they 

 made just as violent demonstrations in his favor as 

 they had made against him when he was the object 

 of an attack in the Senate based upon his supposed 

 materialistic tendencies. The diagnosis of calculus 

 in the case of Napoleon III in July. 1870, in which 

 eminent consultants joined, but which he alone 

 signed, was kept from the Empress, presumably by 

 the influence of politicians desiring war. Prof. 

 Sec introduced in France the use of salicylate of 

 soda, antipyrine, and others new drugs. 



Simon, Jules Francois, a French statesman 

 and philosopher, born in Lorient, Morbihan, Brit- 

 tany, Dec. 27, 1814; died in Paris, June 8, 1896. 

 His family name was Suisse, but he dropped it at 

 the solicitation of Victor Cousin, whose favorite 

 disciple he was, his coadjutor and successor in the 

 exposition of the eclectic philosophy. He studied 

 in his native town and in Yannes, became assistant 

 teacher in the normal school at Rennes, and on 

 being received as fellow of philosophy taught that 

 science at Caen and Versailles. He had written 

 admirable books on political economy and social 

 questions when M. Cousin called him to Paris and 

 got him a place in the normal school, where he was 

 supplementary lecturer on philosophy for a year, 

 and after that chief lecturer. When about twenty- 

 five years of age he succeeded Cousin in the cha'ir 

 of Philosophy at the Sorbonne, and for the next 

 twelve years was recognized as one of the leading 

 minds in France in the department of philosophy. 

 He was made a knight of the Legion of Honor in 

 1845. In the following year he was a candidate of 

 the Constitutional Left for the Assembly, but was 

 defeated. After the revolution of 1848, he was 

 elected from the C6tes-du-Nord, taking a seat with 

 the Moderate Left. In March. 1849, he was elected 

 a member of the Council of State, and resigned his 

 seat as Deputy in April. When the Council was re- 

 constituted by the Legislative Assembly on June 

 29. 1849, his name was not included, and he re- 

 turned to private life, devoting himself to his lec- 

 tures and to the editing of a politico-philosophical 

 review, called " La Liberte de Penscr," that he had 

 founded in 1847. After the coup d'etat his lectures 

 at the Sorbonne were discontinued, as he refused to 

 take the oath of allegiance to the empire. He had 

 already made a name in literature by his editions 

 of Descartes and Bossuet and by his remarkable 

 " HJstoire de 1'Ecole d'Alexandrie," and for the 

 next twelve years he continued with great industry 

 and facility to write and publish books. His arti- 

 cles on philosophical subjects were the mainstay of 



the " Revue des Deux Mondes " in that department. 

 He also gave lectures in Belgium. In 1863 he se- 

 cured a seat in the Corps Legislatif, which he held 

 till the fall of the empire. lie ranked among the 

 first orators and the most eminent of the Repub- 

 lican leaders. In 1869 he was proposed in several 

 constituencies, sharing with Thiers the distinction 

 of a leader of the Liberals. He spoke strongly in 

 favor of free trade and against capital punishment. 

 After the plebiscite he denounced the manipulation 

 of the vote by the Government agents. When the 

 Chamber was wrought up to a frenzy of war feel- 

 ing, he and Thiers raised their voices in eloquent 

 protest against the mad resolve of July, 1870. Then 

 came the fall of the empire, and Thiers, Simon, and 

 Gambetta were placed at the head of the Provi- 

 sional Government, which became the Government 

 of National Defense. While Thiers went abroad to 

 win the protection and support of Europe and 

 Gambetta tried to rouse the exhausted and crippled 

 nation to the suicidal madness of resuming hostili- 

 ties. Simon remained in Paris with Gen. Trochu's 

 troops at his back and calmly administered the 

 Government during the siege : and when the armis- 

 tice was signed and the gates of the city were re- 

 opened, he went to Bordeaux and by his resolute 

 courage and strength of will at last succeeded in 

 curbing the mad impetuosity of Gambetta and sav- 

 ing France from the supreme folly of inviting the 

 deathblow by renewing la guerre a outrance rather 

 than surrendering an inch of French territory or a 

 stone of French fortresses. Jules Simon was promi- 

 nent in the Assembly at Bordeaux and at Versailles 

 from the conclusion of peace in 1871 till the fall of 

 Thiers. He resigned his position as Minister of 

 Public Instruction in the Cabinet of reconciliation 

 just before the crisis of May 24, 1873, and became 

 chief of the Left in the Assembly, from the turbu- 

 lent conflicts of which he took leave in December, 

 1875, when he was elected a life Senator. When 

 Marshal MacMahon was forced to choose a Liberal 

 ministry a year later, he gave the conduct of it, on 

 Dec. 16, 1876, to Jules Simon, as being the Liberal 

 whom the Clericals could best tolerate. The clergy 

 forced a conflict upon the apostle of moderation 

 and \.\w juxte milieu when they engaged in the col- 

 {iortar/e of circulars appealing to the French people 

 to rally to the support of the Pope in his demand 

 for the restoration of the temporal power. The 

 minister forbade the colportage. and in consequence 

 President MacMahon wrote him a letter, on May 

 16, 1877, amounting to a dismissal. Jules Simon 

 braved the taunts of his enemies and the bitter re- 

 proaches of his friends by yielding when he had a 

 majority of 361 to 121 in the Chamber, and perhaps 

 thereby saved the republic from overthrow. By 

 that act he ended his own political career. In 1890 

 he was sent as the senior representative of France 

 to the Labor Congress of Berlin convoked by the 

 Emperor Wilhelm II. He wrote much afterward 

 on political questions. He was elected permanent 

 secretary in 1882 to the Academy of Moral and Po- 

 litical Sciences. From 1875 he was a member of 

 the French Academy. 



Spuller, Eugene, a French statesman, born in 

 Seurre, Cote d'Or, Dec. 1, 1835 ; died in Somberon, 

 July 23, 1896. His father was a native of Baden. 

 He was admitted to the Paris bar in 1862, and be- 

 came intimate with Gambetta and a member of the 

 party of YOUIILT Republicans. He helped to secure 

 the election of Emile Ollivier in 1863, and in 1868 

 he joined Gambetta in establishing the " Revue Poli- 

 tique." At the time of the plebiscite he published 

 as a political document a history of the empire that 

 was widely read. Escaping from Paris in a balloon 

 with Gambetta, he served under him till the end of 

 hostilities. In November, 1871, he became editor of 



