656 



PORTUGAL. 



PRESBYTERIANS. 



of the Government, and also provide means for re- 

 organizing the navy and developing the colonial 

 administrations. The projects of the Minister of 

 Finance included a partial revision of the tariff, 

 the conversion of the public debt into a uniform 

 stock paying 4-per-cent. interest, and a loan of 2,- 

 000,000, to be realized from the bonds of the tobacco 

 company owned by the Government. The protect- 

 ive character of the tariff is to be maintained. 

 New excise duties are raised from soap and sugar. 

 For the conversion of the foreign debt the consent 

 of the bondholders was necessary. It was proposed 

 to them to exchange their 3-per-cent. consols for 

 new ones of 524 per cent, of their nominal value, the 

 4-per-cents. for 77'788 per cent, of the face, and 4-i- 

 per-cents. for 85-06 per cent, of their nominal value 

 in new 4-per-cents. The converted debt would 

 have a nominal capital of 90,000,000 milreis, re- 

 deemable in seventy-five years at par. Interest and 

 sinking fund would be paid in Portuguese money, 

 not in gold, holders having the option of demand- 

 ing payment in London, Paris, or Berlin, in pounds, 

 francs," or marks, at current exchange rates. The 

 Cortes authorized the sale of 9,000 contos of reis of 

 bonds guaranteed by the tobacco duties, consequent 

 upon the contract concluded between the Govern- 

 ment and the Portuguese Tobacco Company. The 

 proceeds of this new loan were to be employed ex- 

 clusively in the purchase of war vessels. In Janu- 

 ary Senhor Elduayen succeeded the Duke of Tetuan 

 as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Col. Pimintel Pinto 

 resigned the Ministry of War. and Col. Jose Estevao 

 de Moraes Sarmento was appointed to the post on 

 April 8. A reform of the army has been determined 

 upon, as well as the reform of the colonial adminis- 

 tration. After the King had been stoned by an 

 anarchist while out driving, the perpetrator of the 

 deed was sent to a lunatic asylum. On Feb. 4 a 

 bomb was exploded in the house in which resided 

 one of the doctors who certified to his insanity. On 

 the following day the police arrested 60 notorious 

 anarchists, who have made Lisbon their principal 

 resort, because the laws were very lenient to them 

 in Portugal. The Government, which has always 

 given employment at a sacrifice to the state to men 

 in need of work, determined to adopt severe meas- 

 ures to prevent future attempts of the sort. Ac- 

 cordingly, a bill for the repression of anarchy was 

 voted by the Cortes on Feb. 12. The anarchists 

 concerned in the bomb outrage were- workmen em- 

 ployed in the lunatic asylum to which the King's 

 assailant was sent. A law was passed prohibiting 

 publication by the press of the particulars of an- 

 archistic outrages. On April 18 a wealthy manu- 

 facturer named Domingor was killed by a bomb ex- 

 ploded in his carriage near Lisbon. 



Colonies. The colonial possessions of Portugal 

 comprise the Cape Verde Islands, off the west coast 

 of Africa, with an area of 1,650 square miles and 

 110,926 inhabitants; Portuguese Guinea, having an 

 area of 14.000 square miles and 800,000 inhabitants; 

 Prince's island and St. Thomas, with an area of 454 

 square miles and 21,040 inhabitants; Angola, with 

 an area of 457,500 square miles and 19,400,000 in- 

 habitants, including Ambriz, Benguela, Mossamedes, 

 and the Portuguese Congo ; Portuguese East Africa, 

 with an area of 261,700 square miles, and 1.500,000 

 inhabitants; Goa, Damao, and Dili, in East India, 

 with an area of 1,615 square miles and 514,169 in- 

 habitants; Macao, with an area of 8 square miles 

 and 6?,03(5 inhabitants ; and Timor and Karnbing, 

 with an area of 6,290 square miles and 800,000 in- 

 habitants. The total area of the colonial empire is 

 about 828,000 square miles, and the total population 

 14,213,000. The revenue receipts of all the colonies 

 in 1895 were estimated at 4,929,314 milreis, and the 

 expenditures at 5,162,862 milreis. Their total im- 



ports amount to 3,939,000, and exports to 5,121,000 

 milreis. There are 161 miles of railroad in Angola, 

 57 miles in East Africa, and 50 miles in the East 

 Indies. The telegraphs have an extent of 268 miles 

 in Angola, 230 miles in East Africa, and 33 miles 

 in India. The colonial forces consisted in the be- 

 ginning of 1896 in East Africa of 50 European 

 officers and 1.143 European troops, afterward re- 

 enforced by 24 officers and 603 men, and 8 bat- 

 talions of African rifles, and 2 companies of rifles 

 in Timor, mostly natives, making the native forces 

 488 officers and 7,797 men. In Goa also the garri- 

 son was strengthened, in consequence of an uprising 

 of the natives. The Government had to deal with 

 simultaneous rebellions in East Africa, Goa, and 

 Timor. The rebellion in Lourengo Marques was 

 ended by the capture of Gungunhama, the African 

 chief, who defied the Government and attacked the 

 settlements, and in February. 1896, the troops sent 

 out to Africa began to return to Portugal. But 

 fresh forces were required to be sent out to Goa. 

 The revolt there began in a mutiny of the troops 

 ordered to be sent thence to East Africa. The Duke 

 of Oporto, brother of the King, went out to Goa 

 with the new Governor General, R. de Andrade. 

 They made a strong effort to suppress the rebellion, 

 and restored order in the neighborhood of the 

 settlements, but in the wooded hills, the ranes, or 

 native chiefs, still defied the royal troops. Several 

 prominent officials were discovered to be implicated 

 in the insurrection. Influential men in Portuguese 

 India fled into British territory, where the British 

 Indian authorities gave them asylum, but did not 

 allow them to remain in the districts bordering on 

 Portuguese India. In Timor the Chief of Balibo 

 surrendered, rebels of Catubaba were reported as 

 beaten, their villages having been captured, in Au- 

 gust, 1896, and operations were begun against those 

 of the Hamir. 



PRESBYTERIANS. The statistical reports 

 made to the Council of the Presbyterian Alliance 

 at Glasgow show that in twelve years, 1884 to 1896, 

 the number of presbyteries in all the Presbyterian 

 and Reformed churches has increased from 1,208 

 to 1,426; of ministers, from 21,251 to 27,043; of 

 ruling elders, from 101,130 to 130,083; of deacons, 

 from 58,610 to 93,018: of Sunday schools, from 21,- 

 657 to 32,271 ; of teachers, from 223,313 to 318,665; 

 and of pupils, from 1,901,184 to 3,335,654. The 

 number of congregations is reported in the statis- 

 tics for 1895 at 31.925, as against 23,821 "pastoral 

 charges " and 13,384 " separate congregations " in 

 1884. 



I. Presbyterian Church in the United 

 States of America. The following is a summary 

 of the statistics of this Church as presented to the 

 General Assembly in May: Number of synods, 31; 

 of presbyteries, 224: of candidates, 1,508; of local 

 evangelists, 170; of licentiates, 455; of ministers, 

 6.842 ; of elders, 27,025 ; of deacons, 9,174 ; of 

 churches, 7,573 ; of communicants, 944,716 ; of 

 members of Sabbath schools, 1,096,391 ; of lie-en- 

 sures during the year, 321; of ordinations, 286; of 

 installations, 558; of churches organized, 149; of 

 churches dissolved, 84; of members added on ex- 

 amination, 64.826; of baptisms, 24,484 of adults 

 and 28,459 of infants ; amount of contributions 

 for home missions, $980,506 ; for foreign missions, 

 $739,103; for education, $102,367; for Sabbath- 

 school work, $130,598: for church erection, $155,- 

 177; for the relief fund, $94,352 : for the freedmen, 

 $109,205; for synodical aid, $73,152; for aid for 

 colleges, $148.651 ; for the anniversary reunion 

 fund, $352,350; for the General Assembly, etc., 

 $92,462; for congregational purposes, $10,413,785; 

 miscellaneous, $778,728; total, as footed up in the 

 tables, $14,150,497. Besides these amounts, about 



