PSY< 'ITOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL. 





distr - 1. 1895, to Sept. 1. 1896, J - con- 

 tributions: under appropriation for domestic mis- 

 - foreign missions, $23,179.75 ; 



for dioecsan <;'.MO?.II; : :.!)67, 



valued at 174.">91.I>5; total value of contributions. 

 Inch amount the junior department 

 contributed ?6.310.ol. In addition to this must 

 ted the united offering of 5, made in 



>r the endowment of an episcopate 

 in a missionary jurisdiction. October. 1*116. being 

 the twenty-fifth anniversary of the creation of the 

 Auxiliary, was marked by a special offering 

 amounting to s.'i.-lox.'.to. The value of the money 

 and boxes contributed by the Auxiliary from 1871 

 to 1800 is .->.l.-,:J.37JX.)l. "During the year the Aux- 

 iliary provided for the sending of a deaconess to 

 China, continued its gifts toward the Ladies' House 

 and Training School in Shanghai, and furnished 

 the money required to rebuild the Cape Palmas 

 orphan asylum. 



Building: Fund Commission. The contribu- 

 tions to the American Church Building fund dur- 

 ing the year were .$12.199.63 : the money loaned to 

 churches amounted to $31,060. 79, distributed among 

 21 parishes or missionary stations in 17 dioceses 

 and jurisdictions ; the gifts from the fund were 

 725, made to 2o churches: and the amount of 

 loans returned was 22.138.16. On Sept. 1 the 

 fund amounted to 287.277.33. and the amount 

 outstanding on loan to 202 churches was * 184. 132.80. 



.Mi>rcllaiieon>. The death of Arthur Cleveland 

 Coxe, second Bishop of Western Xew York, occurred 

 on July 20. The Church also lost by death 80 priests 

 and 2 deacons. Five bishops were consecrated dur- 

 ing the Church year: Peter Trimble Rowe, first 

 Missionary Bishop of Alaska: Lewis William Bur- 

 ton, first Bishop of the Diocese of Lexington : 

 Joseph Horsfall Johnson, first Bishop of the Dio- 

 cese of Los Angeles: Henry Yates Satterlee. first 

 Bishop of the Diocese of Washington : and Gershom 

 Mott Williams, first Bishop of the Diocese of Mar- 

 quette. The Missionary Bishop of Xorth Dakota, 

 William David Walker", was elected third Bishop 

 of Western New York; the Missionary Bishop of 

 Northern Texas. Alexander Charles Barrett, was 

 elected first Bishop of Dallas : and John D. Mor- 

 rison was elected first Missionarv Bishop of Du- 

 luth. 



PSYCHOLOGY. EXPERIMENTAL. The 

 United States Bureau of Education, in the Interior 

 Department, is conducting a series of novel inves- 

 tigations: a complete study of man in relation to 

 education and conduct, his form, proportions, cir- 

 culation, breathing, sentiment, passion, emotion, 

 susceptibility to pain, fatigue, and suggestion in 

 short, his entire personal equation. These tests. 

 which have been applied to thousands of persons of 

 all ages and conditions, are made with ingenious 

 instruments, some of them the invention of Dr. 

 Arthur MacDonald. who is conducting the experi- 

 ments, and some of them the products of the labo- 

 ratories of Europe, in which he has studied and 

 labored for several years. 



Experimental psychology is of recent origin. On 

 its practical side it is allied to the study of crimi- 

 nology, and indicates a growing interest in the in- 

 vestigation of human characteristics and tendencies. 

 Civilized man has studied savage life, plants, rocks, 

 stars, and animals, but he has studied himself very 

 superficially. Investigations of civilized man have 

 been mostly on the abnormal side, the defective and 

 the criminal classes: but Dr. MacDonald is prose- 

 cuting the study of normal as well as patho-social 

 man. It is held that ascertaining the causes of ab- 

 normal and diseased conditions is a necessary pre- 

 liminary to their amelioration. Education liere is 

 social therapeutics. 



THE PLETHYSSJOGnAPH. 



With tli' thousands of experiments have 



been made with school children and adults, normal 

 and abnormal. The plethysmograph of M-- 

 Italian physiologist, show- the eflVet of 

 upon the circulation of the arterial blood. This in- 

 strument consists of a cylindric,-. 



admit the human arm. The opening through which 

 the arm is introduced is closed and the vessel filled 

 with water. Any movement of the water in th- 

 sel G causes the weight N to rise or fall. To this 

 weight is attached a small bar t<> register the move- 

 ments on a scale. As the arm enlarges from an 

 increased supply of blood the curve registered is 

 upward. Since 

 the flow of ve- 

 nous blood is re- 

 garded as uni- 

 form inth. 

 sive arm. an in- 

 crease in the 

 volume shows 

 an increased 

 flow of arterial 

 blood. When 

 an arm is in- 

 serted into the 

 cylinder some 

 of the effects of 

 ideas on the 

 emotional na- 

 ture of the subject are registered. Thus, in the 

 case of a criminal to whom the sentence of a judge 

 was read, a decrease in the flow of blood was indi- 

 cated by the lowering of the curve: but the sight 

 of a cigar or a glass of wine raised the curve, indi- 

 cating an increase in the flow of arterial blood. In 

 the case of a brutal murderer the flow was little 

 affected by the sight of his victim, whereas the an- 

 ticipation of pleasures produced a decided effect. 

 The influence of mental states on the circulatory 

 system is made very obvious on the scale in the 

 case of a pupil who. while his arm is in the 

 G, is given abstruse mathematical problems to 

 solve. 



Among the objects in the laboratory of the Bureau 

 of Education is a brass implement about three feet 

 high, standing on a desk. It consists of a clock 

 mechanism which rotates a vertical cylinder upon 

 which is wrapped a roll of smoked paper. Near 

 this instrument is an adjustable arm carrying a per- 

 fectly poised bamboo splinter, which rests against 

 the cylinder. This instrument is called the kymo- 

 graphion, and by its use the most delicate measure- 

 ments of breathing and speech are attained. To 

 measure breathing, the pneumograph is used. A 

 tape line is passed round the chest of the subject, 

 the ends of which are attached to the flexible heads 

 of a small cylinder in front, connected by a rubber 

 tubing with the delicate bamboo needle. As the 

 chest is expanded the heads of this instrument are 

 pulled out, and when the air is exhaled they resume 

 their normal positions. This causes a series of puffs 

 of rarefied air to pass through the tubes and actuate 

 the trembling needle, which moves up and down. 

 responsive to the length of breaths. The revolution 

 of the smoked cylinder causes a line to be plotted, 

 and thus the breathing curves of each person arc 

 accurately recorded. 



A comparison of the curves produced by differ- 

 ent people gives significant results. It is found 

 that, under the influence of various emotions, the 

 breathing is accelerated or impeded often entirely 

 repressed and after a person has been subjected to 

 various experiments and caused to think on diverse 

 subjects (disagreeable, pleasurable, rational, or hor- 

 rible) much knowledge is revealed concerning his 

 nervous organization. Deep study and concentra- 



