RUSSIA. 



697 



pian territory, area 214,237 square miles, had 887.- 

 making the total population of tin- central 

 i dominions, with an area of 1.5 i-.^-_'."> -quare 



miles, including 109.8*1 covered by llie Caspian 

 <1. 175.080; We-tern M'beria. comprising the 

 provinces of Tomsk and Toliolsk, area 870,818 

 square miles, had 2,884.450; Fa-tern Siberia.com- 

 prising Irkutsk, Transbaikalia. Yakutsk, and Yene- 

 seisk, area 8.044.512 squar.. 1 miles, had 1.882.707: 

 the Amur province and 1'rimorskaya. area 8 s - 

 square miles, had 209.528: Sa^halieii, area 29.880 

 scjuare miles, had 20.590. making the total for Si- 

 beria 4.9o8.28l on an area of 4.833.490 square miles 

 and the total for Russia in Asia, with an area of 

 0.504.77s 1 square miles. 19.284.0S7 ; total population 

 of the Russian Empire, with an area of 8,660,282 

 square miles. 121,861, i 



There were 1,365,542 births and 3.825.281 deaths 

 in European Russia and Poland during 1802. show- 

 ing an excess of 540,261 births; 78,587 births and 

 5!).5!IO deaths in Finland, excess of births 18.947: 

 807.007 births and 309.999 deaths in the Caucasus, 

 showing an excess of 2.992 deaths; 225.852 births 

 and 209.128 deaths in Siberia, excess of births 16.- 

 724 ; and 77.9s.~j births and 59.498 deaths in central 

 Asia, an excess of 18,492 births. For the whole 

 empire the births numbered 5.054,982 and the 

 deaths 4,468,491, giving an excess of 591,432 births. 



The population of the largest cities in 1893 was : 

 St. Petersburg. 1.035.98!*: Moscow. 826.444: War- 

 saw. 490.417: Odessa. 828.014; Kharkof. 197,210; 

 Kieff. 1*7.245: Riga. 1*8.071. 



Finances. The budget estimate of ordinary re- 

 ceipts for 1890 was 1,239,471.696 rubles, and of the 

 total receipts, inclusive of 2,200.000 rubles from 

 extraordinary sources and 119.876.299 rubles from 

 the loan of 1891, was 1.361,547,994 rubles. (The 

 exchange value of the ruble on April 1, 1896. wa< 

 36-4 cents.) Of the ordinary receipts, 48,023.905 

 rubles came from land and personal taxes. 43.852.- 

 800 rubles from trade licenses, and 13,159.000 rubles 

 from a tax of 5 per cent, on incomes from capital, 

 making the total receipts from direct taxation 104.- 

 535,765 rubles; 153.876,000 rubles came from cus- 

 toms. 2S4.252.000 rubles from the tax on drink. 82.- 

 461,000 rubles from the tobacco tax. 19.059.800 rubles 

 from naphtha oils. 42.295.000 rubles from beet-root 

 sugar, 7.518,000 rubles from matches, 28.919.282 

 rubles from stamps, 15,411.000 rubles from registra- 

 tion, 3.500.000 rubles from passports, 8,000,000 ru- 

 bles from the tax on railroad and express passen- 

 gers, 2.250.000 rubles from a tax on fire insurance, 

 and 7.194.690 rubles from various duties, making the 

 total receipts from indirect taxation 604.730. 722 

 rubles: 3,828,761 rubles came from the mines, 953,- 

 750 rubles from the mint, 25.540.700 rubles from the 

 post office, and 14,450.000 rubles from the telegraphs, 

 making the total from state monopolies 44.779.211 

 rubles: the receipts from rent of domains were 14.- 

 073.131 rubles, from sales of domain lands 821. 704 

 rubles, from the produce of state movable property 

 8,021.408 rubles, from forest- 27,170.589 rubles, from 

 mines, factories, technical institutions, and stores of 

 the state 41. 703,108 rubles, from state railroads 282.- 

 328,461 rubles, and from the Government share in 

 private railroads 1.631.000 rubles, making the total 

 from state domains and property 326,149,851 rubles : 

 the payments for the redemption of land by peasants 

 amounted to 89,000,000 rubles, and various receipts 

 to 70.270.646 ruble-?, including 27.984.791 rubles 

 from the recovery of loan-. 14.8-J2.oi4 rubles repaid 

 by railroad companies. 17.951.527 rubles of interest 

 on various funds, and 8.187.948 rubles of war in- 

 demnity. Of the total expenditures, amounting to 

 1,361,547.994 rubles. 1.231.088.414 rubles were ordi- 

 nary disbursements and 130.459,580 rubles extraor- 

 dinary outlay for the construction of railroads. Of 



the ordinary expenditure- 



for the debt, 2,484,087 rabies for the 



eminent bodies, 17.4N7.908 rubles for the Hoiy > 

 12,964,653 rubles for the Ministry of theCzar's House- 

 hold, 4.098,-j*o ruble- for the Ministry of Foreign 



Affairs. -jss..vji.!ni!i rubles for the Ministry of War. 

 57.iJ6li.ooo rubles for the Ministry of Marine. INI;.- 

 811,134 rubles for the Mini>try of Finance. 8:>.l*o.- 

 197 rubles for the Ministry of Domains, 90,024,643 

 rubles for the Ministry of the Interior. 24.*03.oi;i 

 rubles for the Ministry of Public Instruction. 190.- 

 411.583 rubles for the Mini-try of Roads and ' 

 munications. 2S.009.858 rubles for the Ministry of 

 Justice. 5.950.895 rubles for the Controller Gen< 

 office, 1.535.588 rubles for the imperial stud, and 

 12,000,000 rubles for unforeseen expei 



The public debt on Jan. 1, 1896, amounted to 

 2,038,284,210 rubles of gold obligations (1 gold ruble 

 77-2 cents) and 2.S20.069.317 rubles payable in 

 currency, making the total, reduced to credit rubles, 

 6,081.324,053 rubles. A new 3-per-cent. gold loan 

 of 100.000,000 rubles was taken by German and 

 French bankers in July, 1896, at 89"|. In July the 

 Government established a spirit monopoly for south 

 Russia, taking over the sale of all liquors, partly with 

 a fiscal object and partly in the interest of public 

 health and morals. 



The Army. Military service is obligatory, be- 

 ginning at the age of twenty-one and lasting in 

 European Russia five years in the active army, in 

 Russian Turkestan and the Amur and Pacific coast 

 regions seven years, and in the Kouban and Terek 

 provinces and the Transcaspian territory three 

 years. The men who are not recruited in the perma- 

 nent army and those who have served their time in 

 the army and reserve make up the first ban of the 

 territorial army. The field army on the war footing 

 numbers 18.367 infantrv officers and 1,053.349 men, 

 3.476 cavalry officers and 102,153 men, 2,608 artil- 

 lery officers and 89.726 men, and 828 engineer 

 officers and 39.350 men ; total. 25,279 officers and 

 1.284.57s men. The reserve troops number 11,200 

 infantry officers and 673.480 men. 2,250 cavalry 

 officers and 85.224 men. 810 artillery officers ancl 

 24.348 men. and 187 engineer officers and 8,970 

 men ; total, 14,447 officers and 792,022 men. The 

 fortress troops number 2.460 infantrv officers and 

 167.348 men, 1,334 artillery officers and 77.554 men, 

 and 260 engineer officers and 8.544 men ; total. 

 4.054 officers and 253.440 men. The troops of re- 

 placement number 3,896 infantry officers.and 228,082 

 men, 794 cavalry officers and 38,920 men. 542 artil- 

 lery officers and 29.414 men, and 112 engineer 

 officers and 6.174 men; total, 5,344 officers and 

 802.590 men. The troops of national defense num- 

 ber 9.184 infantry officers and (127.792 men, 330 

 cavalry officers and 12,400 men, 420 artillery officers 

 and 27.000 men. and 100 engineer officers and 4.740 

 men; total. 10.034 officers and 671.932 men. The 

 frontier guards number 884 officers and 30.000 

 men. The army of Finland numbers 236 officers 

 and 6,020 men on the peace footing. The army 

 stationed in the far East, which was raised in 1895 

 to upward of 90,000 men. was further re-enforced 

 in the spring of 1896 by the transport of troops 

 from Russia to Vladivostok. 



The Navy. The Baltic fleet in 1896 comprised 



9 armored 'battle ships. 3 modern armored coast 

 guards, 4 of older construction. 3 ironclad floating 

 batteries, 12 monitors. 18 cruisers of the first 



10 of the second class. 5 torpedo cruisers, 4 armored 

 gunboats, 10 coast-defense gunboats. 3 school ships. 

 6 steam yachts. 30 first-class torpedo boats, 82 tor- 

 pedo boats of the second class, and 7 transports; 

 total. 202 vessels, of 2 VX .272 tons displacement and 



-74 indicated horse power, carrying 1,571 guns 

 and 317 torpedo-launching tubes. 



