TOO 



SALVADOR, 



SANTO DOMINGO. 



imperial crown and was anointed with the holy oil, 

 and on May 30 took place the great popular cele- 

 bration, when the dwellers in Moscow and in the 

 surrounding country, many of whom came hundreds 

 of miles on foot, were feasted on the Khodinsky 

 plain, and each one received as a memento an in- 

 scribed and decorated mug. This feature of the 

 prolonged pageant was marred by a terrible disaster. 

 The barriers that were placed to regulate the flow 

 of the crowds that had begun to assemble upon the 

 spot the day before proved to be too weak. The 

 people pressed forward until the barriers gave way, 

 and the throng could no longer be checked. The 

 result was that above 2,000 persons were crushed to 

 death and a great number seriously injured. The 

 disaster caused general sorrow in Moscow and 

 throughout Russia. The Czar issued a proclama- 

 tion on the day of the coronation remitting all ar- 

 rears of taxation in European Russia and Poland ; 

 remitting or reducing all fines; lowering the land 

 tax one half for the period of ten years ; canceling 

 sentences for crimes, except robbery, embezzlement, 

 misappropriation, usury, extortion, fraudulent bank- 

 ruptcy, and offenses against honor; directing that 

 all exiles to Siberia and Saghalien shall, after serv- 



ing ten or twelve years of their sentences, have the 

 privilege of selecting their place of residence, and 

 remitting one third of the sentences of criminals 

 imprisoned in Siberia; authorizing the Minister of 

 the Interior, in conjunction with the Minister of 

 Justice, to grant further remissions and to restore 

 their civil rights to political offenders ; and grant- 

 ing full amnesty to refugees who took part in the 

 Polish rebellion, with exemption from police super- 

 vision, as well as immunity to other political offend- 

 ers whose offenses are more than fifteen years old. 

 From Moscow the Czar and his court proceeded to 

 Nijni Novgorod, where, on June 9, an Exhibition of 

 All the Russias was opened. This great Pan-Rus- 

 sian exhibition of industry and art was directed to 

 be held at this time by the Emperor Alexander III, 

 on July 4, 18!)3. and the work of organization was 

 intrusted to M. Wilte, the Minister of Finance, who 

 made it, his aim to collect such objects as would best 

 show to Russia and to the world at large the moral 

 and economic growth of the country and the strides 

 that had been made since the last exhibition at Mos- 

 cow in nearly all branches of trade and industry, 

 in engineering and mechanics, in national sanita- 

 tion and education, and in art and taste. 



S 



SALVADOR, a republic in Central America. 

 The legislative body is a single Chamber of 42 

 members, elected for each annual session by direct 

 universal male suffrage. The President, who is 

 elected by the vote of the nation for four years, is 

 Gen. Rafael Antonio Gutierrez, inaugurated on 

 March 1, 1895. The Vice-President is Dr. Pruden- 

 cio Alfaro, who is also Minister of the Interior. 

 Dr. Jacinto Castellanos is Minister of Foreign Af- 

 fairs, Dr. Cornelio Lemus Minister of Finance and 

 Public Works, and Estanislao Perez Minister of 

 War and Marine. 



The area of Salvador is 8,100 square miles. The 

 population was 803,354 at the end of 1894. The 

 revenue is derived mainly from customs and excise 

 duties. Nearly half the revenue is required for 

 financial administration and the debt, which 

 amounts to over $13,500,000, and more than a third 

 for the army, numbering 4,000 men. A railroad con- 

 nects the port of Acajutla with Santa Anna, and 

 one runs between Sari Tecla and Ateos, the total 

 length being 62 miles. Others are being built. 



Political Affairs. The diet, of the new confed- 

 eration called the Greater Republic of Central 

 America was installed in San Salvador on Sept. 15, 

 1896. Though outwardly quiet, Salvador was dis- 

 turbed throughout the year by fears of new at- 

 tempts of the Ezetas to overthrow the Government 

 of President Gutierrez, possibly with the aid of 

 President Barrios of Guatemala, who was jealous of 

 the newly constituted Greater Republic of Central 

 America, which was an obstacle to the assertion by 

 Guatemala of predominance over the lesser Central 

 American states. There was a revolutionary out- 

 break at Santa Anna in November, which was sup- 

 pressed without serious consequences, the plans of 

 the conspirators having been discovered and their 

 purposes foiled by the watchfulness of the Govern- 

 ment. 



SANTO DOMINGO, a republic in the West In- 

 dies, occupying the eastern part of the island of 

 Hayti. The Congress is a single Chamber of 24 

 members elected by indirect suffrage for four years. 

 The President, is Gen. Ulisses Heureaux, first elect- 

 ed in 1885 and re-elected for the second time on 



Feb. 27, 1893. The Vice-President is Gen. Wen- 

 ceslao Figuereo. The area of the republic is esti- 

 mated at 18,045 square miles, and the population 

 lias been officially estimated at 610,000. The peo- 

 ple are a mixed race of Spanish, Indian, and negro 

 exl faction, speaking mostly Spanish. There are 117 

 miles of railroad and 266 of telegraphs. The re- 

 ceipts of the Government in 1895 were $1,382,704, 

 of which $1,329.522 came from customs. The pub- 

 lic debt on Jan. 1, 1895, was 1,905,035 sterling, be- 

 sides $2,058,415 in gold, and $4,790,520 in cur- 

 rency. The value of the imports in 1895 was $1,- 

 731,669, and of the exports $1,764,064 in gold. 

 The chief exports are logwood, mahogany, coffee, 

 fustic, rum, tobacco, cacao, and honey. The heavy 

 customs duties impede the expansion of the foreign 

 trade. During 1893 there were 192 vessels, of 102,532 

 tons, entered at the port of Santo Domingo, and 

 129, of 147,347 tons, at Puerto Plata in 1892. 



Political Affairs. President Heureaux had to 

 deal with a fresh conspiracy against his power in 

 the spring of 1896. This he nipped in the bud by 

 the vigorous and relentless methods that he is ac- 

 customed to apply to his enemies. Gen. Ramon 

 Castillo, the Minister of War, had asked him some 

 months before for 1,000 rifles and ammunition to 

 suppress, as he said, an outbreak against the Presi- 

 dent that was planned in the province of San Pe- 

 dro Macori. He received the arms and was author- 

 ized to go to that province and assume command of 

 the Government forces. The President heard no 

 more of the revolutionary movement that his min- 

 ister had described, but he heard later that Gen. 

 Castillo had distributed the rifles among disloyal 

 persons in the province of Macori, and that the 

 minister was himself conspiring against him with 

 the aim of asserting by means of arms his own can- 

 didature for the presidency of the republic. Imme- 

 diately after this intelligence reached the capital, 

 orders were sent to Gen. Jose Estay, Governor of 

 Macori, to kill Gen. Castillo before he could make 

 any attempt to raise a rebellion. The son of Gov. 

 Estay attempted to execute this order, but the shot 

 that he fired at Gen. Castillo missed him and killed 

 his son, who was walking by his side. Suspecting 



