SPA IX. 



TOO 



-.'.000 men in Spain. 14.000 in Cuba. 10.201 in 

 the Philippine Islands, ami :}.n;tl in Puerto Rico, 

 exclusive of 15,412 gendarmes and 14.156 : 

 ier guards. According to the budget of 1MI7. 

 the second battalions of the 56 regiments in garri- 

 son in Spain, all the first battalions of which are in 

 Cuba, are increased from 652 to 804 men. the 20 

 battalions of rifles from 652 to 964, the 20 second 

 battalions from 350 to 964, the same as the 10 bat- 

 talions that are in garrison in Cuba, the line regi- 

 ments of cavalry are augmented to 450 horse, the 6 

 regiments forming an independent division to 510, 

 and the 4 artillery regiments armed with cannon of 

 centimetres caliber are augmented by 48 gunners 

 and the others by 44. The fortress artillery is also 

 increased by SO or 100 men to each battalion, the 4 

 regiments of sappers by 163 men each, the ponton- 

 nier regiment by 116, the railroad battalion by 103, 

 and the telegraph battalion by 152. The total effect- 

 ive is thus increased to about 100,000 men. 



The Navy. The Spanish armor-clad navy in 1896 

 consisted of 1 turret ship (the " Pelayo'Vof 9.900 

 tons and 8,000 horse power, armed with 35 guns and 

 7 torpedo tubes : 3 armored cruisers of modern type 

 ("Almirante Oquendo," "Infanta Maria Teresa," 

 and " Viscaya "), of 7.000 tons each, protected by 

 12-inch belts, of 13.000 horse power, giving a speed 

 of 20 knots, and armed with 2 11-inch guns in bar- 

 bettes and 5 Si-inch guns on each broadside; 1 belt- 

 ed cruiser, of 9.235 tons, with engines of 15,000 horse 

 power (the " Emperador Carl. ~ Y".. carrying a 

 larger light armament than the others : 2 frigates 

 (" Numancia " and "Victoria"): and 1 monitor 

 (" Puigcerda "). There were building 2 armored 

 battle ships (" Cristoforo Colomb " and " Pedro 

 d'Arragon ") of 6.840 tons and 18.000 horse power: 

 and 3 armored cruisers (" Cardenal Cisneros." Cata- 

 lufia." and " Princesa de Asturias "), each of 6.648 

 tons and 15.000 horse power, carrying 22 cannon 

 and 18 torpedo tubes. English shipbuilders were 

 commissioned in 1886 to construct a battle ship of 

 10.500 tons, a cruiser of 6,500 tons, 1 of 1,500 tons, 

 and 2 torpedo catchers. Two new deck-protected 

 cruisers ( Alfonso XIII " and ' Lepanto '*), of 4,800 

 tons, are designed to steam 20 knots and have a 

 strong and effectively arranged armament. The 

 unarmored vessels include 19 cruisers. 10 torpedo 

 gunboats, 3 first-class gunboats, and 52 third-class 

 cruisers. Spain has 14 first-class and 2 second-class 

 torpedo boats. The navy is manned by 528 officers, 

 400 mechanicians and other employees, 9,000 ma- 

 rines, and 7.715 sailors. The " Princesa de Astu- 

 rias " was launched in October. 1896, after several 

 unsuccessful attempts. The "Cardenal Cisneros" 

 was launched later. In the summer and autumn 

 extraordinary activity was displayed in all the 

 Spanish shipyards. Three gunboats of 600 tons 

 were hurried to completion at Ferrol. where the 

 "Alfonso XIII" was rapidly got ready for sea. 

 Abandoning the policy of constructing all war ves- 

 sels at home, the Government, as if to prepare for 

 imminent war with a great power, sought all over 

 the world for cruisers ready built, or builders who 

 would provide large war ships quickly. Proposals 

 were made for the purchase of 2 cruisers in Genoa, 

 and for 1 in Trieste, which the Austrian Govern- 

 ment refused to sell. Orders were placed in Scot- 

 land for the construction of an ironclad of 10,500 

 tons, to cost $3.750.000 ; a cruiser of 6.500 tons, to 

 cost *1. 575.000 : and 2 torpedo-boat destroyers. An- 

 other cruiser, of 1,500 tons, was ordered in Eng- 

 land. 



The naval power of Spain was insignificant when 

 the programme of 1887 was adopted, according to 

 which the Government was to expend in the course 

 of nine years the sum of 225.000.000 pesetas in pro- 

 viding a modern fleet, to consist of 11 cruisers, 10 



torpedo vessels. 140 torpedo boats. 20 gunboats, and 

 20 harbor gunboats. A plan of organization for 

 the defense of Spanish ports and the protection of 

 the colonies involved the construction <.;' 

 cruisers with great coal endurance. Th. 



organized in 3 divisions, with headquarters at 

 Cadiz, Ferrol, and Cartagena, each divi-ion to con- 

 si-t of 1 battle ship, 2 armored cruisers. 1 pr..;. 

 cruiser, 2 third-class cruisers. 2 torpedo vessels, and 

 3 torpedo boats. Instead of the 8 cruisers in the 

 original programme. 6 belted cruisers of the " Maria 

 Teresa" type were decided upon. Of these. 3 have 

 been completed, which, like all the new Spanish 

 ships, have won the admiration of naval experts. 

 The torpedo vessels are designed to serve as ordi- 

 nary gunboats as well as fast torpedo boats. The 

 same plans have been followed in the improved 

 type of 800 tons as in the earlier ones of 570 tons. 

 The submarine boat " Peral,'' shaped like a White- 

 head torpedo, proved a failure. About 20 of the 

 steamers of the Compania Transatlantic^ are fitted 

 to be used as armed cruisers in time of war. This 

 company is under contract to transport all official 

 passengers, troops, and stores. 



Commerce. The total value of imports in 1894 

 was S04.791.000 pesetas, and of exports 672.887.000 

 pesetas. The imports of cotton were 81,830,000 

 as; of grain. 67.972.000 pesetas: of coal. 49.- 

 700.000 pesetas: of timber. 40,686,000 pesetas; of 

 tobacco. 37.944.000 pesetas : of machinery, 24,816,- 

 000 pesetas : of codfish. 23.690.000 pesetas :" of sugar, 

 21.487,000 pesetas: of chemicals, 20.859.000 pesetas ; 

 of iron, 18,722,000 pesetas; of skins. 17.585.000 pe- 

 setas : of woolens, 15,607.000 pesetas : of animals. 

 1 5.267.000 pesetas: of cacao, 15.162.000 pesetas; of 

 coffee. 14.420.000 pesetas; of wool, 13.975.000 pese- 

 tas: of silks. 11.004.000 pesetas: of linen thread. 

 11.229.000 pesetas: of ships. 8.^67.000 pesetas; of 

 cotton goods, 8.235.000 pesetas. The exports of 

 wine were 83.887.000 pesetas ; of cotton manufac- 

 tures. 47.027.000 pesetas; of lead, 44.791.000 pesetas; 

 of iron. 44.782.000 pesetas: of copper. 43.743.COO 

 pesetas : of oranges. 25.665,000 pesetas : of shoes. 

 25.2*9.000 pesetas: of cork, 21,516.000 pesetas: of 

 raisins. 19.455.000 pesetas: of animals. 14,797.000 

 pesetas : of olive oil. 14.380.000 pest-fas ; of grapes, 

 9.-*2.000 pesetas: of almonds. 8.907.000 pesetas: of 

 wool. 8,389.000 pesetas; of paper. 8.237.000 pesetas; 

 of skins. 7.688.000 pesetas. The value of the com- 

 merce with different countries and colonies is shown 

 in the following table, giving the imports and ex- 

 ports for 1894 in pesetas : 



COUNTRIES. 



Import*. 



Navigation. During 1894 there were - 

 Spanish vessels, of 6.095.350 tons, entered and *- 

 of 6.238.336 tons, cleared, and 8.687 foreign vessels. 

 of 6,632.872 tons, entered and 8.703 of" 6.725.404 

 tons, cleared at Spanish ports. The merchant navy 

 in 1895 numbered 1.041 sailing vessels, of 172.729 

 tons, and 427 steamers, of 313,178 tons. 



