SWKDKN AND XuIJWAY. 



a mixed Council of - "lie reigning K: 



II. born Jan. '21. 1*29. who - Carl 



XV. his brother. - - 1872. 



sue drii. The legislative power i> v. -ted in the 

 Rik>dag. consisting of two houses. The First 

 Chamber lias 160 members, elected by the pro- 

 vincial and municipal bodies for nine years. The 

 id Chamber has 230 members, of whom 80 are 

 elected for three years in the towns and 130 in the 

 rural districts by "natives of Sweden pus>i-sing or 

 farming land of" a certain value or paying an in- 

 come tax on 800 kronor a year. The qualified elect- 

 ors constitute only 6'2 per cent, of the population. 

 and fewer than half of them voted in 1893. The 

 Council of State in the beginning of 1896 was com- 

 posed of the following members : Minister of State. 

 Erik Gustaf Bostrom : Minister of Foreign Affairs. 

 Count L. Douglas : Minister of Justice. Augu- 

 tertrren : Minister of the Interior, Victor Lennart 

 Groll : Minister of Finance. C. R. Wersall : Minis- 

 ter of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs. Gustaf 

 Fredrik Gilljam : Minister of War. Baron A. E. 

 Rappe : Minister of Marine. Jarl Casimir Eugene 

 C'hristerson : Councilors of State. Baron Albert Lars 

 Evert Akerhielm and Sven Herman Wikblad. 



Area and Population. Sweden has an area of 

 172.*76 square miles. The population on Dec. 31. 

 1 -!C,. was estimated at 4.919.260, of whom 2,389.260 

 are males and 2.530.000 females. The number of 

 marriages in 1894 : of births. 134.866 ; 



of deaths. 82.901 ; excess of births. 51.965. The 

 number of emigrants in 1894 was 13.358. asain>t 4".- 

 869 in 1*93. 45^504 in 1*92. 42.776 in 1*91". and 34.- 

 212 in 1890. Stockholm, the capital, had 271,638 

 inhabitants at the end of ". 8 



Finances. The revenue is estimated in the 

 budget for 1897 at 111.731.000 kroner (1 krona = 

 26'8 cents), of which 20,655.000 kroner are ordinary 

 reee: '00 kronor are carried over from the 



preceding bud_ '0 kronor are profits made 



by the state bank in 1895. ai - - "(X) kronor 

 are called extraordinary receipts. Of the ordinary 

 receipts 2.155.000 kronor are proceeds of the land 

 tax. 1.400.000 tonnage dues. 2.300.000 rent of do- 

 mains. 665.000 poll tax, 8.500,000 net receipts of 

 railroads. 1.410.000 telegraph receipts. 3.000,000 

 produce of forests, and 1.225.000 miscellaneous 

 receipts. Of the extraordinary receipts 37.000,- 

 000 kronor come from customs. 8.580.000 from 

 the post office. 5.000.000 from stamped paper, 

 15.000.000 from the tax on spirits. 8.500.000 from 

 the duty on sugar made from beets. 5.200.000 

 from the tax on incomes, and 800,000 from miscel- 

 laneous sources. The total expenditures balance 

 the estimated receipts. Of the ordinary expendi- 

 ture, estimated at 79.214.710 kronor. 1.320.000 kro- 

 nor are for the King's household. 3. S 15.250 for jus- 

 tice. 606.750 for foreign affahx 25.9-7.920 for the 

 army. 7.046.300 for the navy. 5.700.560 for the in- 

 terior, 13,500.440 for education and worship. :!. 

 090 for pensions, and 17.951.400 for financial ad- 

 ministration. Of this last sum 2.628.000 kronor are 

 the cost of collecting customs duties. 450,000 are 

 for the control of the exci-e. 8.310.000 the cost of 

 the postal service, 1.410.000 expenses of telegraphs. 

 1.143.200 the expense of the forests, and 4.0! 

 other expenses. The extraordinary expenditures 

 are 18.871.190 kronor. of which 10.205,840 are for 

 the army and navy and 8.665.350 for various pur- 

 poses. The interest and amortization of the debt 

 require 11,445,100 kronor. the reserve for the insur- 

 ance of workmen against disability is 1,400,000 

 kronor, and 800,100 kronor are carried over. 



The public debt on Jan. 1, 1896. amounted to 

 "'1.3.967 kronor, of which 250.192.467 kronor 

 represent foreign loans raised at various periods be- 

 tween 1880 and 1894 at 3^ and 3 per cent, and 37,- 



VOL. xxxvi. 16 A 



:;i:!.5(to kmnor 'on of an 



internal loan raise. 1 nt. The 



.xpended almo>t rxdii>ivriy for ;h< .< :.MI-UC-' 

 tion of railroads. 



The Army and N;n j. -The principal perl 

 the ai-tivi- army is formed of the i/n/i/r. 



nlisted tr 



The royal guards, chasx-ur-. i. :l!ery. and 



engineers are enlisted for two years or n. 

 eight yeai'-. The nrgani/ation wa- modified on 

 Dec. 2. 1892. b\ -putting into operation the law of 

 1885 introducing universal liability to serve eight 



- in the btH'uriny and eight in the I 

 In time of peace the length of service with th> 

 firs is ninety days. The leu-it ring troops an 

 tributed among the i-iirfcmh and the imli-ltti. In 

 the new organization the infantry i:- formed ii 

 regiments and 2 battalions. The" line is armed with 

 Remingtons of 8'8 millimetres caliber. There are 8 

 regiments of cavalry and 6 regiments and 6 batter- 

 ies of field artillery, or 40 batteries in all. wii 

 guns. The effective of the active army in 1896 was 

 1.953 officers. 571 employe' ncommiss: 



officers, 1.641 musicians", and 38.802 men. with 

 horses. The war effective is 272.994 men. b. 

 180.000 in the landxtorm. 



The navy comprises 4 turret ships, with 10-inch 

 armor, armed each with 2 10-inch and 4 5'9-inch 

 guns, and having a total displacement of 12.450 

 tons, 4 armor-clad monitors. 9 armored gunboats. 3 

 corvettes. 9 first-class and 5 second-class gunboats, 

 2 torpedo cruisers. 7 first-class and 9 second-class 

 torpedo boats. 5 torpedo launches, and 1 school ship. 

 The navy is manned by 267 officers and 2,624 sailors, 

 besides i,957 sailors of the imhlta. 



< ominerce. The total value of the imports in 

 1*94, inclusive of specie, was 351.173.000 kronor, 

 and of exports 29s.625.000 kronor. The principal 

 imports and their values were : Coal, 33,969,000 

 kronor; rye and wheat. 31.354.000 kronor: coffee, 

 Ji;.'.i99.000"kronor: woolen goods. 17.558. 000 kronor; 

 machinery. 10.962.000 kronor ; iron goods, 9,690,000 

 kronor : hides and skins. 8.396.000 kronor : woolen 

 yarns. 7.338,000 kronor ; tobacco. 7.246.000 kronor ; 

 cotton goods. 7.009.000 kronor: fish. 6.882,000 kro- 

 nor ; petroleum. 6.255.000 kronor ; sugar. 5.535.000 

 kronor: vegetable oils, 5.447.000 kronor: wood 

 manufactures. 4.890,000 kronor: wool. 4,747,000 

 kronor : pork products. 4.455.000 kronor ; paper, 

 3.599.000 kronor. The principal exports were: 

 Timber. 113.962.000 kronor: butter. 40.122.000 

 kronor; iron. 31.313.000 kronor: oats. 12.5.84.000 

 kronor ; wood pulp. 9,309,000 kronor : fish. 8.846.- 

 000 kronor: matches. 7.352.000 kronor: paper, 

 6.011.000 kronor; machinery. 4.507.ooo kronor; 

 iron manufactures. 4.458.000 kronor ; gla--. 4.5" 17.- 

 000 kronor: animals. 4.046.000 kronor: cotton 

 goods, 2.909.000 kronor. Of late years Sweden has 

 been compelled to import cereals, and the imports 

 of wheat and rye now exceed in value the grain ex- 

 ports, which are mostly oats. The change has arisen 

 from the increased demand for improved breadstuffs 

 for home use and the increased use of grain in feed- 

 ing cattle. The exports of oats, chiefly to England, 

 have fallen off one half, and now amount to about 

 10,000.000 bushels per annum. Of the 7.000,000 

 bushels of wheat consumed annually half is import- 

 ed from Germany. Denmark, and Russia. About 

 6.000.000 bushels of rye are imported from Russia 

 and, in the form of flour, from Germany. The dairy 

 interest of Sweden is steadilv expanding. Owing 

 to the use of improved methods and appliances, 

 dairy produce, chiefly butter, now ranks second in 

 the export trade. American pork used to meet 

 with a free sale in Sweden, but the demand has de- 

 clined since the duty was increased, and since 

 Swedish farmers have begun to raise pigs on a large 



