726 



TENNESSEE. 



ress of the ceremony at St. Paul's Cathedral, Dee. 

 22, and another made a similar ineffective protest 

 on the occasion of the enthronement of the new 

 archbishop at Canterbury. Jan. 9. 1897. 



Regarding the fitness of Dr. Temple for the high 

 office that he now holds, there have not been many 

 dissenting voices, lie is eminently fair-minded, 

 and during his long episcopal career lie never has 

 strenuously opposed High Churchmen nor snubbed 

 the evangelicals. An untiring worker, a rigid tee- 

 totaler active in the temperance movement, and 

 deeply interested in the success of foreign missions 

 as well, he seems destined to be a strong force in Eng- 

 lish life for the remainder of his career, while on 

 the necessity for immediate Church reforms in cer- 

 tain directions, he has more than once expressed 

 himself strongly. In private life his tastes are 

 simple, and his hatred of insincerity and pretense 

 occasionally imparts a brusqueness to his manners 

 that may prevent his winning so general an esteem 

 as did the late Archbishop Benson, who was by 

 nature more tolerant of human imperfections. Hut 

 as a scholar and a thinker. Dr. Temple lias been 

 surpassed by very few of his predecessors in the 

 chair of St. Augustine. 



TENNESSEE, a Southern Stale, admitted to the 

 Union June 1, 17!M>: area. 42 ,<>."><) square miles. The 

 population, according to eaeli decennial census >ince 

 admission, was 105,602 in 1800; 261,727 in 1S10; 

 422,771 in 1820; 681,904 in 1830; 829.210 in 1S40; 

 1,002,717 in 1850; 1,109,801 in I860: 1.25s..v:o in 

 1870; 1,542,369 in 1880; and 1,767,518 in 1890. 

 Capital, Nashville. 



Government. The State officers in 1896 were : 

 Governor, Peter Turney, Democrat: Secretary of 

 State, William S. Morgan; Treasurer. Kdward 15. 

 Craig; Comptroller, James A. Harris; Attorney- 

 General, G. W. Pickle; Adjutant General. Charles 

 Sykes; Superintendent of Instruction, S. G. Gil- 

 breath; Commissioner of Agriculture, Statistics, and 

 Mines, T. F. P.Allison: Commissioner of Labor, 

 F. P. Clute; Land Register, Richard Harwood : 

 State Assessors, George C. Porter, John C. New. and 

 W. C. Fulcher; Superintendent of Prisons. John 

 H. Trice; Prison Commissioners, S. K. Simpson, 

 W. M. Nixon, and D. 0. Thomas; Oil Inspector. 

 John H. Reeves ; State Geologist, J. M. Safford ; 

 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, D. L. Snod- 

 grass ; Associate Justices, W. C. Caldwell, John S. 

 Wilkes, W. K. McAllister, and W. I). Beard : Jus- 

 tices of the Court of Chancery Appeals. M. M. Neil, 

 S. F. Wilson, R. M. Barton, Jr. all Democrats. 



Finances. The statement of the Treasurer for 

 the two years ending Dec. 19 has the following 

 items: Balance in treasury Dec. 19, 1894. $753.- 

 217.61 ; receipts from Dec. 20, 1894, to Dec. 19, 1896, 

 s3,214,863.97; total, $3,968,081.61; disbursements 

 from Dec. 20, 1894, to Dec. 19, 1896, inclusive, 

 $3,696,830.07; balance in treasury Dec. 19, 1896, 

 $271,251.54. This includes the balances and dis- 

 bursements from the United States direct-tax ac- 

 count and the new Penitentiary account. Dealing 

 alone with the funds that can be used for the pur- 

 pose of defraying the expenses of the State govern- 

 ment, the account stands : Balance on hand Dec. 

 19, 1894, $306.079.05 ; receipts from Dec. 20, 1894, 

 to Dec, 19, 1896, inclusive. $3.214,603.97 : total, 

 $3,520,683.02 ; disbursements from Dec. 20. 1894, to 

 Dec. 19, 1896, inclusive, $3,331,864.02 ; net balance 

 for general purposes Dec. 19, 1896, $188,819. 



The disbursements were divided among the five 

 principal accounts as follow: Interest payments. 

 $1,365,854.09; charities and educational.' $733,- 

 688.33; court costs, $6:>8.189.86; legislative, $163.- 

 216.31 ; maintenance of convicts. $101,862.21 ; total 

 net disbursements, $8,332,124.03; all other expenses, 

 $309,313.22. 



The Treasurer received from the prison commis- 

 sioners from Jan. 1, 1896, to Dec. 20, 1896, the sum 

 of $92,184.21; and the amount disbursed on ac- 

 count of maintaining the convicts was $101,862.21. 

 Adding to this $34,632, the cost of maintaining 

 convicts at Brushy mountain mini's, which the 

 commissioners charged to the new Penitentiary ac- 

 count, the whole cost of maintenance was $136.- 



494.21. leaving the net cost $44,310. 



The tax collected from insurance companies for 

 the fiscal year ending Dec. 19, 1895, was $92,033.40, 

 and for the fiscal year ending Dec. 19, 1896, $!is,- 



671.22, making the total collections from this source 

 for the two years $190.704.62. 



The State tax collected from building and loan 

 associations for the year ending Dec. ]'.). )sii5. was 

 $8,285, and for the" year ending Dec. 19, 1896, 



The deficiency in the revenue is explained by an 

 inadequate tax levy and unexpectedly small returns 

 from the back-tax collectors. The Legislature of 

 1S!i5 lowered the tax rate and created the Board of 

 Equalization. 



Convicts and Criminal Prosecutions. The 

 total number of convicts in the Penitentiarv and at 

 the branch prisons Dec. 1. 1896, was 1,492. The 

 cost of maintaining the Penitentiary is given under 

 " Finances," in this article. A large number of the 

 prisoners are employed in the State's coal mines, 

 others on the building of the new Penitentiary, and 

 others on the prison farm, while some are leased to 

 contractors. The Governor says in his message: 



"The most considerable obstacle to the success 

 of the mines is that set forth in the report of the 

 manager, to wit : The combined opposition of (coal) 

 operators in this and adjacent States and their in- 

 fluence in inducing railroads to refuse to the State 

 fair and equitable rates of freights, and confining 

 our trade to a few competitive points, like Chatta- 

 nooga, Atlanta, etc. The mine owners and oper- 

 ators of Tennessee and Kentucky have for a long 

 time been making plans to defeat the State in its 

 efforts to employ its convicts in coal mining. An- 

 other point of objection is the great bargain the 

 Slate made in the pxirchase of mines; they affirm 

 that 'the money paid for farm and mines was at 

 low prices then prevailing by reason of the finan- 

 cial troubles then existing all over the country.' 

 The gravamen of the complaint of these mine 

 owners and operators is that the State, by its for- 

 tunate purchase, is in condition to prevent a mo- 

 nopoly by this combine of millionaires at home and 

 abroad." 



The Superintendent of Prisons says in his report 

 that a great evil is the " sentencing of so many men 

 to the Penitentiary for minor offenses. Out of 

 1.590 criminals received within the past two years, 

 571, or over one third, were sentenced for one year 

 only for some trivial offense." Another evil is the 

 lack of a reformatory for young offenders. Within 

 the past two years 50 boys under sixteen years of 

 age have been received in the Penitentiary, 48 of 

 whom were colored and 2 white. The majority of 

 these were convicted of trivial offenses. 



In reference to the cost of criminal proceedings, 

 the Comptroller says : " Much has been said and 

 written of late about the grievous burden laid upon 

 the treasuries of the State and the counties by the 

 large and yearly increasing expenditures for crimi- 

 nal prosecutions. Public sentiment has been 

 aroused, and there is now a well-nigh universal 

 demand for reforms that will effect a very large 

 reduction in expenditures on that account." After 

 giving figures and estimates showing that in 1893 

 and 1894 the total cost of such prosecutions to the 

 State and the counties was something like $2.250,000, 

 he says, further : " A comparison of the expense of 



