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MAP OF CRETE. 



searching of departing vessels were not, however, 

 perfectly effective. Austria, seconded by Russia 

 and Germany and supported by France and Italy. 

 proposed a blockade of Crete "by the powers: but 

 Great Britain objected to such action, .suggesting 

 that the Porte should first grant the demands of 

 the Christian Deputies. The Sultan objected to a 

 blockade as contrary to his sovereign rights. The 

 Imperial Government sent Zihni Pasha, accom- 

 panied by Ikiades Effendi. to Crete to confer with 

 the consuls and treat with the Reform Committee, 

 with a view to the adoption of measures required 

 for the restoration of tranquillity. The Reform 

 Committee was dissolved, and its members entered 

 the new revolutionary .Assembly, the president of 

 which was the aged Gero Kosta Voludakis. known 

 as Kostaros. who bore a conspicuous part in the 

 revolution of 1868. The new body recognized the 

 Deputies in Canea as the legal representatives of 

 the people, and expressed willingness to await the 

 result of the action of the powers in behalf of 

 Crete. The departure of a party of prominent 

 young Greek officers for Crete led to a further 

 remonstrance of the representatives of the powers 

 at Athens. Ibrahim Pasha, the new military Gov- 

 ernor, on Aug. 13, relieved Abdullah, to whom the 

 powers objected because his rank was higher than 

 that of the Christian governor generals. The ap- 

 pointment of Abdullah Bey to the command at 

 Candia in the place of Hassan Pasha did not con- 

 duce to the restoration of order in that part of the 

 island, which by outrages and reprisals was fast 

 rendered as desolate as the western end. where all 

 the Christian villages inside of the military cordon 

 were pillaged and burned by Mohammedan ma- 

 rauders, and all the Mohammedan villages beyond 

 the cordon were destroyed by the insurgents. The 

 attack on Anopolis. where the Mohammedans 

 sacked a monastery and killed 3 monks and some 

 women and children, provoked the Christians to 

 retaliate by burning 25 villages. The assistance 

 extended to the insurgents by the Greeks had as- 

 sumed formidable dimensions since the spread of 

 the revolution to the eastern district. Large quan- 

 tities of rifles and ammunition and some mountain 

 guns had been landed, and a considerable body of 

 Greek officers in uniform were present among the 

 revolutionists. 

 Zihni Pasha, in his conferences with the Chris- 



tian Deputies, asked them to withdraw such of their 

 demands as affected the sovereign rights of the 

 Sultan such as the right of veto, the sanction of 

 the powers to the appointment of a Yali, and the 

 appointment of foreign officers to command the 

 gendarmerie. The Deputies refused to formulate 

 other demands, but the consuls, whose earnest in- 

 tercession had alone dissuaded many of the Depu- 

 ties from breaking up the Assembly and joining 

 the insurgents weeks before, prevailed upon them 

 on Aug. 20 to prolong the session two weeks and 

 enter into negotiations with the Sultan's commis- 

 sioner. The Austrian Government which, after 

 Great Britain refused to join in a blockade, had 

 proposed a closing of the ports, which project also 

 encountered the firm resistance of the British 

 Cabinet now took the lead again, and formulated 

 a project of Cretan reforms based on modified pro- 

 posals of the Christian Deputies, including the ap- 

 pointment of a Christian Governor General for five 

 years, subject to the approval of the powers, the 

 reorganization of the gendarmerie, and financial 

 autonomy, with the payment of a fixed proportion 

 of the revenue to the Imperial Government, the 

 Governor General to possess the sole power of veto- 

 ing measures passed by the Assembly unless the 

 sovereign right of the Sultan were affected. Ap- 

 peals were to be limited to the highest Cretan 

 court, and military as well as civil power concen- 

 trated in the hands of the Governor General. 



While the imperial commissioner was negotiating 

 with the Deputies the insurgents renewed thei: 

 tivity. A band of 500 landed at Tigani as an ad- 

 vance guard, and forces hastened to the eastern 

 districts. Hostilities were renewed in the Apoko- 

 rona district at Tenedos. The revolutionary com- 

 mittee called upon the Cretans to fight und'er the 

 Hellenic flag. In the neighborhood of Candia 

 about 2.000 Christians marched through a Moham- 

 medan district, killing villagers, sotting fire to 29 

 villages, and driving off cattle. In the province of 

 Seliiio a force of insurgents laid siege to Kasteli. 

 shutting up 120 Turkish troops, to wh< se relief a 

 battalion wa- sent. The Turks withdrew their cut- 

 to the fortified towns of Canea. Retimo. and 

 Candia; in consequence the Christians ravaged a 

 large extent of country that had before been pro- 

 tected, and Mohammedan marauders as well had 

 freer license. On Aug. 23 the Christians of Ar- 



