776 



UNITED STATES CENSUS. 



value, flax and hemp, 1889; area, product, and 

 value, cotton, 1889-'90, with analysis by States, in- 

 cluding percentages, increase and decrease ; prod- 

 uct, by States and Territories, 1889, of barley, 

 buckwheat, Indian corn, oats, rye, and wheat. 

 Manufactures. Establishments, capital, cost of 

 materials, value and tons of product, iron and steel, 

 Southern States, 1880-'90 ; product and value of 

 coke, Virginia and West Virginia, 1889 ; establish- 

 ments, capital, employees, wages, expenses, cost of 

 materials, value of work done or product, etc., in 

 dyeing and finishing textiles, combined textile in- 

 dustries, the silk industry and the cotton industry. 

 Transportation. Number, tonnage, value, tons of 

 freight carried, crews, wages, etc., 1890, of American 

 vessels, by divisions and classes. Farms, Homes, 

 and Mortgages. Number and value of mortgages, 

 acres, lots, and interest rates, in Alabama, Illinois, 

 Iowa, Kansas, and Tennessee. Telephones. Num- 

 ber of companies and telephone earnings, expenses, 

 employees, miles of wire, subscribers, and conversa- 

 tions, 1890. 



In the "Annual Cyclopaedia " for 1893, under the 

 heading UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, official census 

 statistics are given covering part of the inquiry in 

 one branch : 



Manufactures. Total number of establishments 

 reporting, capital, persons employed, wages paid, 

 cost of material, and value of goods manufactured, 

 1880-'90, in each of 165 cities, representing all 

 places over 20,000 population in 1890, with analysis 

 and comparisons. 



The "Annual Cyclopaedia" for 1895, under the 

 heading MANUFACTURES IN THE UNITED STATES, gives 

 the following information : 



Manufactures. Alphabetically, by industries, the 

 capital invested, cost of material used, and value of 

 products, 1890, including receipts from custom work 

 and repairing, in the 165 cities treated of in the vol- 

 ume for 1894, whenever the amount used in any city 

 for any given industry exceeded x2no.o<io. 



The present article includes in tables or in text 

 such other important facts and figures from the of- 

 ficial census reports of 1890 as are not detailed in 

 the statements above referred to. Some of the most 

 useful aggregates, totals, and percentages are in- 

 serted in tabular form. These tables, both large and 

 small, are self-explanatory. For census purposes, 

 they are classed under the general headings of Pop- 

 ulation, Wealth, Debt and Taxation, Education, Re- 

 ligion, Insane, Feeble-minded, Deaf and Dumb, and 

 Blind, Crime, Pauperism, and Benevolence. 



In the following text each census topic will be 

 dealt with in its proper order as arranged in the 

 Census Abstract. Occasionally, important aggre- 

 gates already published in previous articles will be 

 repeated to facilitate reference. If any present 

 group of figures or series differs from one quoted in 

 a preceding year's paper on the subject, then the 

 latest group must be accepted as being the result of 

 a Census Office revision. 



Population. The population of the United 

 States on June 1, 1890, as shown by the general enu- 

 meration for all the States and organized Territories, 

 was 62,622,250. Including 325,464 Indians and other 

 persons in the Indian Territory and on Indian res- 

 ervations and 32,052 persons in Alaska, specially 

 enumerated under the law, the entire population of 

 the country was 62,979,766. 



Urban. The officially recognized definition of 

 the term " urban population " considers it to mean 

 " that element living in cities, or other closely ag- 

 gregated bodies of population, containing 8,000 in- 

 habitants or more. Based on this definition, the 

 urban population of the country in 1890 was 18,- 

 284,385, and constituted 29'20 per cent, of the total 

 population. -In 1790 the urban population consti- 



tuted but 3-35 per cent, of the total population. 

 The number of cities having a population of 8,000 

 or more increased from 6 in 1790 to 448 in 1890, 162 

 of this latter number being added between the tak- 

 ing of the tenth and the eleventh census. 



Aggregate. The following table shows the aggre- 

 gate population of the United States at each census, 

 from 1790 to 1890, together with the percentage of 

 increase during each decade : 



Sex, Color, and Nativity. Of the total popula- 

 tion in 1890, 32,067,880 were males and 30,554,370 

 were females. 



" The excess of males," says the commissioner in 

 charge of census, " shows very clearly the effects of 

 immigration. Where natural increase is not inter- 

 fered with by immigration or emigration, wars or 

 pestilence, the proportion of the sexes is nearly 

 equal, females being slightly in excess of males." 



To insure accuracy as well as to save as much as 

 possible in the matter of space, the wording of the- 

 text in this paper will follow closely that of the of- 

 ficial summaries. When necessary, the phrases used 

 will be identical. In any case it may be taken for 

 granted that the results given under every heading 

 are supported in black and white by official census- 

 exhibits and explanations. 



For further details concerning sex, color, and gen- 

 eral nativity attention is directed to the text and 

 tables in the "Annual " for 1892, pages 759-761. 



The commissioner's general summary on the- 

 results, 1880-'90, contains many useful compari- 

 sons, covering a vast number of tabular exhibits 

 under the heading of " Population " in the census- 

 quarto volumes. Its great value of the summary 

 for permanent record and reference, justifies its re- 

 production in part, subheadings being given to- 

 expedite research : 



Conjugal Condition. Statistics regarding the 

 conjugal condition of the people of the United 

 States are presented for the first time as a part of 

 the United States census. Of the entire population 

 in June, 1890, 37,129,564, or 59'29 per cent., were- 

 single; 22.331,424, or 35-66 per cent., were married; 

 2,970,052, or 4'74 per cent., were widowed ; 120,996, 

 or - 20 per cent., were divorced, and for 70,214, or 

 O'll per cent., the conjugal condition was not re- 

 ported. Of the males, 62'20 per cent, were single^ 

 34'94 per cent, were married, 2'54 per cent, were 

 widowed, 0'15 per cent, were divorced, and 0'17 per 

 cent, unknown. Of the females, 56 - 24 per cent, 

 were single, 36'41 per cent, were married, 7'05 per 

 cent, were widowed, 0'24 per cent, were divorced, 

 and 0'06 per cent, unknown. 



Age Percentages. The distribution of population 

 by percentages of age for each quinquennial period 

 to seventy years and upward was as follows: Under 

 five years, 12'19 per cent. ; five to nine years, 12 - 09 

 percent.; ten to fourteen years, 11'23 per cent.; 

 fifteen to nineteen years, 10'47 per cent. ; twenty to- 

 twenty-four years, 9'90 per cent. ; twenty-five to 

 twenty-nine years, 8'35 per cent. ; thirty to thirty- 

 four years, 7'31 per cent. ; thirty-five to thirty-nine 

 years, 6-17 per cent.; forty to forty-four years, 5 - 09 

 per cent. ; forty-five to forty-nine years, 4'36 per- 



