UNIT KM STATKS I'KN 



777 



cent. ; fifty to fifty-four year*, 3'71 per cent. ; fifty- 

 five to fifty-nine year.-. -J-tJ7 per cent. : >ixty to sixty- 

 four years, 2-33 per cent. ; sixty-five to sixty-nine 

 years. I'Ol per cent. : seventy years and over. 2"JO 

 per cent.: and age unknown, (j-Jii per cent. The 

 average age of the population in 1890 was 25-11 

 - us compared with -J4'13 years in 1880. The 

 average age of the males in l^'.K) was 25-31 years as 

 against 'J4--J? years in 1880, while that of females 

 in 181MJ was 24-91 years as against 23'98 years in 

 1880. 



Persons of School, Jfilitia. and Voting Age. 

 Persons of " school age " in 1890 numbered 22,447,- 

 omprising 18.543.201 persons from five to 

 seventeen years and 3,904.191 persons from eighteen 

 to twenty" years. In 1880 there were 18,319,830 

 persons from five to twenty years of age, showing 

 an increase since 1880 of 4.127.562. or 22-53 per cent. 



The potential militia, that is, males from eighteen 

 to forty-four years of age, inclusive, in 1890 num- 

 bered 13.230.168 as against 10,231,239 in 1880, an 

 increase in ten years of 29'31 per cent, as compared 

 with an increase in aggregate population of 24-86 

 per cent. Of the males of militia age in 1890, 

 10.424.0>6. or 78- 79 per cent., were native born and 

 2,806,082. or 21 "21 per cent., were foreign born. 



The potential voters in 1890, comprehending all 

 males twenty-one years of age and upward, num- 

 bered 16,940,311 as compared with 12,830,349 in 

 1880, showing an increase during the decade of 

 4.109.962, or 32-03 per cent., being far in excess of 

 that of population, and being due, as in the case of 

 the potential militia, to the excessive immigration 

 of the decade, which consisted largely of adult 

 males. Of the males of voting age in 1890, 12,591,- 

 852, or 74-33 per cent., were native born and 4,348,- 

 459. or 25 - 67 per cent., were foreign born. 



Illiteracy The whole number of persons ten 

 years of age and over in the United States in 1890 

 was 47.413,559, of whom 6.324.702, or 13-34 per 

 cent., were returned as illiterate. In 1880 there 

 were 36,761.607 persons ten years of age and over, 

 and of that number 6.239,958. or 16;97 per cent., 

 were returned as illiterate. Of the illiterate per- 

 sons in 1890, 1,167.853. or 18'46 per cent., could 

 read but could not write, and 5,156,849, or 81'54 

 per cent., could neither read nor write. In 1880 

 illiterate persons who could read but could not 

 write numbered 1,316.507. or 21-10 per cent., and 

 those who could neither read nor write 4,923.451, or 

 78-90 per cent. 



Of the native white population ten years of age 

 and upward in 1890, 6'23 per cent, were illiterate as 

 against 8*75 per cent, in 1880. Among th foreign 

 whites the percentages of illiterates were 13-06 in 

 1890, and 11-98 in 1880, while for the colored the 

 percentage of illiter -'.'0 was only 56-76 as 



compared with 70 in 1880, showing a very marked 

 improvement in this respect. The whole number 

 of persons ten years of age and over in 1890 who 

 could not speak English Was 1.718,496, of whom 

 1.371.044. cent., were foreign white : 23S- 



025. or 13'85 percent., native white; and 109.427, or 

 6'37 per cent., colored, principally Chinese and In- 

 dians. 



The whole number of persons attending school 

 during any portion of the census year ending May 

 31, 1890, was 11.074>7S of whom 5.954.142 were 

 males and 5.720.736 were females. Of the total 

 number attending school, 8,3-' per cent., 



were under five years of age: 3.726.044. or 31-92 

 per cent., were from five to nine years; 5.60" 

 or 48-03 per cent., were from ten to" fourteen years : 

 2. loo. 141. or 18'46 per cent., were from fifteen to 

 nineteen years, and 178.005, or 1-52 per cent., were 

 twenty years of age and over. Persons attending 

 school one month or less during the census year 



:'uted 5-05 pi-r cent, of the whole nun. 

 those attending from PAO to three 

 per < attending from four to li\- 



and those attending six mom: 

 more. 62-07 per cent. 



nfitl Occupations. The whole number of per- 

 ngaged in gainful occupations in 

 22.7:!."i.f.i;i. or 47-'.o p.-r cent, of all p.; 

 years of age and over. In I*MI th. 

 099 persons ten years of age and over engaged in 

 gainful occupations, constituting 47-:; 1 per 

 of the whole number of persons of that age. 



Of the 22,735.661 persons in 1890 engaged in 

 gainful occupations, 18,821.090 v. and 



3,914,571 were females, constituting 77'2!i ana 

 per cent., respectively, of all males and female- 

 years of age and over. In 1880 there were 14.744.- 

 942 males and 2,647,157 females engaged in gainful 

 occupations, constituting 78'70 and 14'69 per cent., 

 respectively, of the whole number of each sex ten 

 years of age and over. 



The numerical increase of persons engaged in 

 gainful occupations since 1880 was 5,343,562 and 

 the percentage of increase 30-72; the increase in 

 males was 4.076,148. or 27-<'4 per cent., and in fe- 

 males 1.267.414. or 47'88 per cent. 



The whole number of persons engaged in agri- 

 culture, fisheries, and mining in the United States 

 in 1890 was 9.013,336. or 39'64 per cent, of all 

 persons engaged in gainful occupations; the num- 

 ber engaged in professional service was 944.333, or 

 4' 15 per cent. : in domestic and personal service, 

 4.360.577, or 19-18 per cent. : in trade and trans- 

 portation. 3.326,122, or 14'63 per cent.: and in 

 manufacturing and mechanical industries, 5.091,- 

 293, or 22-39 per cent. 



Occupations by Classes. These totals by classes 

 of occupations in 1890 can not be compared directly 

 with similar results for 1880, as given in the printed 

 report for that census, as several changes have been 

 made in the classification of occupations in 1890 as 

 compared with that of 1880. The corrected totals 

 by classes of occupations for 1880, on the basis of 

 the census of 1890. are as follow : Agriculture, fish- 

 eries, and mining, 8.004.624 (7.409.970 males and 

 594.654 females); professional service. 603.202 (425.- 

 947 males and 177.255 females): domestic and per- 

 sonal service. 3.5<i3.443 (2.321.937 males and 1.1*1.- 

 506 females): trade and transportation, 1.866.4- x l 

 :.629 males and 62.852 females) : manufactur- 

 ing and mechanical industries. 3.414.349 (2.783.459 

 males and 630,890 females). Comparing these fig- 

 ures with those for 1890, there has been an increase 

 of persons engaged in agriculture, fisheries, and 

 mining since 1880 of 1.008.712. or 12-60 per cent. 

 Persons engaged in professional service have in- 

 creased 341,131, or 56-55 per cent., since 1880, and 

 those in domestic and personal service 857.134, or 

 24'47 per cent. Persons engaged in trade and. 

 transportation have increased 1.459.641, or '. 

 per cent., since 1880. and persons engaged in manu- 

 facturing and mechanical industries 1.676,944, or 

 49'11 per cent. 



Veterans of the Civil War and their Widoics. 

 On June 1. 1890. there were, approximately. 1.034,- 

 073 surviving United States, soldiers, sailors, and 

 marines, who served during the civil war. and 

 14o,359 surviving widows of United States soldiers, 

 sailors, and marines. There were also on the same 

 date, approximately. 432.<>20 surviving Confederate 

 veterans of the civil war and 60,564 surviving 

 widows of Confederate veterans. 



Alien*. The total number of foreign-born males 

 twenty-one years of age and over in 1890 was 4.34^.- 

 459, or 47-01 per cent, of the entire foreign-born ele- 

 ment. Of this number. 0.~>4-">. ?.">:;. "r 5^54 per cent., 

 are naturalized : 236.061, or 5'43 per cent., have taken 



