WKST AFRICA. 



INDIKS. 



821 



gather in the forest- palm oil. rubber, ami dyewonds. 

 Palm oil. kernels, gum, and ivory are the chic!' ex- 

 piirts. The revenue 111 1*91 aim. unled tO 225.109 

 marks, and tin- expenditure was 1*5.224 marks. 

 The imports were valued at 2.240,012 marks, and 

 exports at 2,*94.39:! marks. 



Trouble broke out in the Cameroons in the au- 

 tumn of 1*96 owing to 6 chiefs being sentenced to 

 imprisonment for maltreating a native who had 

 broken an agreement to trade only on certain terms 

 with the whites. This combination of the natives 

 was made after the white traders had combined and 

 agreed among themselves to pay only certain prices 

 for produce. Behind Togoland Germany has cre- 

 ated a sphere of influence embracing Gurma and 

 extending to the Niger. 



Cameroons has a coast line of 120 miles on the 

 Bight of Biafra. extending from Campo river to 

 Rio del Key. The territory extends inland to about 

 15 of east longitude. The area is something under 

 200.000 square miles, and the population is esti- 

 mated at 4.570,000. There were 231 white residents 

 in 1894. The protectorate is administered by an 

 imperial governor. The country is very fertile" and 

 besides the natural products, which are valuable and 

 abundant, the German Plantation Company has be- 

 gun the cultivation of cacao and tobacco. "There is 

 a considerable trade in ivory, palm oil, palm ker- 

 nels, rubber, and ebony. The imports in 1893 were 

 valued at 4,161,627 and exports at 4,633.303 marks. 

 The imports are cotton cloth, spirits, powder, fire- 

 arms, salt, tobacco, and hardware. The revenue in 

 1895 was 1,230.000 marks. 



Liberia. Liberia is a republic founded by 

 emancipated slaves from the L nited States, with a 

 constitution modeled after that of the American 

 Union. The President, who is elected for two 

 years, is Joseph James Cheesenmn. The members 

 of the House of Representatives have a terra of two 

 years and the Senators four years. The country has 

 a coast line of 500 miles. The total area is 14.360 

 square miles, and the population numbers about 

 1,068,000, of whom 18.000 are American negroes 

 and their descendants. Monrovia, the capital, has 

 about 5.000 inhabitants. A loan of 100.000 was con- 

 tracted in 1871, on which the interest is unpaid since 

 1874. amounting in 1895 to 147.000. The chief 

 articles of export are coffee, which is of high grade, 

 palm oil, palm nuts, cacao, sugar, arrowroot, hides, 

 and ivory. There were 1.000.000 pounds of coffee 

 exported in 1889, one half of it to Germany. The 

 foreign trade amounts to about $2,500.000" a year. 

 An English gunboat was sent to Monrovia in No- 

 vember, 1896. to demand an indemnity for some in- 

 jury committed upon British subjects from Sierra 

 Leone by Liberians at Grand Bassa. The Governor 

 of Sierra Leone summoned President Cheeseman to 

 a conference and. when the latter demurred about 

 paying an indemnity, threatened to land blue-jack- 

 ets and seize the customhouse. The money de- 

 manded was then paid under protest. 



Portuguese Possessions. The Portuguese pos- 

 sessions in West Africa are the Cape Verde Islands, 

 having an area of 1,650 square miles and 110.930 

 inhabitants, and Portuguese Guinea, the area of 

 which is estimated at 14,000 square miles and the 

 population at 800.000. The revenue of Cape Verde 

 in 1895 was 259.170 milreis and the expenditure 

 265.757 milreis. The imports were 252.000 and the 

 exports 240.000 milreis. The revenue of Portu- 

 guese Guinea was 67.990 milreis : the expenditure. 

 174.708 milreis: imports, 95,000 milreis; exports. 

 43.000 milreis. 



Spanish Possessions. Between the French pro- 

 tectorate on the Atlantic coast of the Sahara and 

 the southern confines of Morocco Spain has the pro- 

 tectorates of Rio de Oro and Adrar, 243,000 square 

 TOL. xxxvi. 53 A 



miles of desert BUD] 



po-ed i,, exceed loo.oon. The\ 

 a dependency of the < !an 



'nor residing at Riode Oro i 

 (i! l.ooo >quare mil.- on the Muni and Can 

 with a population of ."ion.ooO ; but \i 

 claims, and has .!!< 

 over the same region. 



WKST INDIES. The \V, ri Indian Hands form 

 colonies of European powers wi;h 

 the island of Hayti. which is divi,], 

 independent r.-publi.- (see H.\vn and 9 

 MiM.o). Cuba and Puerto Rico are the only ra 

 ing Spanish col.,nic- in Aim-r: 

 majority of the inhabitants <m the oil,. 

 are descendants of enfranchised m B 

 constitute on some island- almo-i the entire popu- 

 lation. 



British Colonies. Each of the six groups of 

 British possessions is administered by a < iov.-rn<T. 

 The exports of Great Britain to the We-t Imi 

 IS! 14 amounted 2.194.528, of which 531. lo; 

 the value of the cotton goods. 247.27*'. 

 apparel, 141.136 of leather manufacture.-. 1:: 

 of iron, 91,629 of machinery, and **.~i05 of fer- 

 tilizers. The total imports into Great Britain from 

 the British West Indies were valued at 1.9::- 

 in 1894. of which 643,102 was for sugar, an ino 

 from 508.107 in 1893, 471,449 was for < 

 223.243 was for logwood and other dye materials. 

 and 183,238 for rum. Of the total "tonnage en- 

 tered and cleared in 1893 British shipping furnished 

 6.375.208 tons. 



The Bahamas have an area of 5,450 square miles 

 and had a population in 1894 of 50.695, nearly a 

 third of whom are white. The number of births 

 in 1894 was 1,978 ; of deaths, 1.114 : excess of births, 

 864. Nassau, the capital, is on the island of New 

 Providence, which has a population of 11.000. There 

 were 41 Government schools in 1894, having an 

 average attendance of 3,259 pupils. Besides sponge 

 fishing, the cultivation of fiber and that of fruit are 

 the principal industries, these having been intro- 

 duced in recent times and rapidly extended. Shells, 

 pearls, and ambergris are also found and exported. 

 The product of the sponge fisheries in 1894 was 

 valued at 59,155. The export of fresh pineapples 

 was valued at 42.568. Preserved pineapples are 

 also exported. Oranges are raised in smaller quan- 

 tities. Cotton is raised in small but increasing 

 quantities. Sisal plants covered 20.0OO acres in 

 1893. The Governor is Sir W. F. Hayne- Smith. 

 He is assisted by an Executive Council of 9 mem- 

 bers, a Legislative Council of the same number, 

 and a Legislative Assembly of 29 members, elected 

 by the people under a property qualification for 

 voters. The revenue of the Government in 1 S 94 

 was 57.956, and the expenditure 57.645. Of the 

 revenue. 39.268 came from customs duties. The 

 chief expenditures were 15.267 for salaries. 

 for police, and 4.110 for public works. The pub- 

 lic debt amounts to 119.626. 



Bcirlin<l<ii'x. with an area of 166 square miles, had 

 in 1S'.I4 a population of about 186.000. Bridgetown, 

 the capital, has 21.000 inhabitant.-. The number of 

 births in 1S94 was 7.489: of deaths, c,.: 

 births. 1.122. There were 194 elementary schools 

 in 1894. with an average attendance of 15.962 pupils. 

 Barbadoes is the headquarters for European ti 

 in the West Indies, the garrison consi-ting in 

 of 30 officers and 747 men. There is a railroad 24 

 miles loner, to which the Government pays a subsidy 

 of 6.000 a year. The earnings in 1*94 w- 

 and expenses 11.02*. The telegraph lint- 

 miles long, and Telephone lines have a length of 35 

 miles. The staple product is suurar. which covers 

 30,000 acres. The yield in 1894 was <;t;.262 hogs- 



