10 



ARCHAEOLOGY. 



ANGLICAN CHURCHES. 



Virginia, in April, adopted by 28,321 votes 

 against 572 an amendment to its State consti- 

 tution, abolishing slavery. The Legislature of 

 the State of Missouri, on July 5th, passed an 

 ordinance of prospective emancipation. The 

 State of Maryland, at the State election in 

 November, elected to the General Assembly 

 forty-seven members pledged to emancipation 

 against twenty-seven not pledged. On July 1st, 

 the abolition of slavery was proclaimed in the 

 Dutch possessions, in accordance with a law 

 adopted by the Chambers of Holland in 1862. 

 The number of slaves freed by this law amount- 

 ed to about 11,300 in the Dutch "West India 

 islands, and 37,001 in Surinam. In December, 

 1863, a treaty was concluded between the 

 United States and Holland Governments, by 

 which it was arranged that the colonial author- 

 ities of Surinam should receive such of the 

 emancipated American slaves as maybe will- 

 ing to work on their plantations. 

 ARCHAEOLOGY. (See ETHNOLOGY.) 

 ANGLICAN CHURCHES. This is the col- 

 lective name given to the Protestant Episcopal 

 Church of the United States, the Established 

 Church of England, the Episcopal Church of 

 Scotland, and the branches of these bodies. 

 The Churchman's Calendar, for 1864 (New 

 York, 1864), gives the following synoptical 

 view of these churches: 



England Archbishops, 2 Bishops, 26 



Ireland "2 "10 



Scotland " 8 



America United States "40 



lt British America " 10 



" West Indies " 6 



Aria " 10 



Africa " 7 



Oceanica 16 



Bishops, deuiissionary 



Total " 136 



Most of the bishops in Asia, Africa, and Oce- 

 anica have their sees in British territory, but 

 some are missionary bishops for countries not 

 under British rule. Thus the Protestant Epis- 

 copal Church of the United States sustains 

 missionary bishops for Liberia and China, and 

 the Church of England the Bishop of St. James 

 at Jerusalem, the Bishops of Zambezi and Or- 

 ange River in Africa, and the Bishop of Mi- 

 lanesia in Oceanica, also the Bishop of Hono- 

 lulu, in the Sandwich Islands. 



Only the Churches of England and Ireland 

 have as yet archbishops ; the British Colonies 

 have, instead, metropolitans, who enjoy sub- 

 stantially the same prerogatives as the arch- 

 bishops. Thus British America has a metro- 

 politan at Montreal, India at Calcutta, Africa 

 at Capetown, Australia at Sydney. The prov- 

 ince of New Zealand has a metropolitan in the 

 Bishop of New Zealand. There is a growing 

 tendency in the Church, especially in the United 

 States, to introduce the provincial or metro- 

 politan system (the union of several Episcopal 

 sees under a metropolitan) where it does not 

 yet exist, or to promote its development where 

 it already has a legal existence. 



The Anglican Churches have had thus far an 



independent national organization, only, 1st. In 

 Great Britain and its dependencies ; 2d. In the 

 United States ; 3d, in the Sandwich Islands. To 

 these may be added, 4th, the Church of Liberia, 

 which has made all the necessary preparations 

 for an independent organization. This church 

 has been hitherto under a missionary bishop, 

 sent out by the Protestant Episcopal Church 

 of the United States, and therefore in organic 

 connection with the American Church. By 

 the canons of the American Church, six pres- 

 byters canonically resident within certain pre- 

 scribed limits can, with the laity, constitute a 

 new diocese, and can frame canons, etc. The 

 missionary bishop ceases, ipso facto, to have 

 jurisdiction within the new diocese so formed. 

 The convention of the new diocese can either 

 elect a bishop, or ask, pro tempore, the mis- 

 sionary bishop to continue to officiate as their 

 bishop. But they can, whenever they like, 

 choose a bishop, and when one is so chosen, 

 the missionary bishop ceases to have any con- 

 nection with them. The convention may 

 choose the missionary bishop as their diocesan, 

 though he must still continue to act as mission- 

 ary bishop over the country or district not in- 

 cluded within the new diocese. The Liberians 

 have now constituted themselves into a diocese. 

 In April, 1862, Bishop Payne, the American 

 missionary bishop in Liberia, called the clergy 

 to meet at Cape Palmas for the purpose of or- 

 ganizing the church. His wish, however, to 

 effect such an organization as would place the 

 Liberian Church under the general convention 

 of the United States of America, was deemed 

 to be impracticable, and the result of the meet- 

 ing was simply the formation of a General 

 Missionary Convocation. An entirely inde- 

 pendent church organization was effected in 

 February, 1863, by a unanimous vote of the 

 Liberian clergy and lay delegates assembled in 

 general council at Monrovia. By this act the 

 American missionary bishop ceased to have 

 any jurisdiction within the newly formed dio- 

 cese ; but continued to be " Missionary Bishop 

 to Cape Palmas (where he resides) and parts 

 adjacent." ' The Liberian convention requested 

 him " to continue his episcopal supervision of 

 the church in Liberia, and to perform episcopal 

 offices where they may be needed throughout 

 the country." Bishop Payne consented to this 

 request. The most important points of the 

 new church constitution of Liberia are as fol- 

 lows : The constitution divides Liberia, pros- 

 pectitely, into four sees, as the republic has 

 four counties. "When four presbyters reside 

 in a county, they can, i. e. a majority, organize 

 a diocesan synod. But six resident presbyters 

 in a diocese are requisite to elect a bishop. 

 The clergy in one or more counties can unite 

 and form a diocese. The committee of convo- 

 cation adopted the American prayer book as a 

 whole. At the annual meeting of the Board 

 of Missions of the American Church, a special 

 report on the new church organization in Libe- 

 ria was submitted by Bishop Burgess. In this 



