COLOMBIA. 



189 



street, Lampeter College, and the Bristol In- 

 stitution of Science. He designed the London 

 and Westminster Bank, the Taylor Buildings 

 at Oxford, the Sun Fire Office in Threadneedle 

 street, the Church of St. Bartholomew, and 

 completed the St. George's Hall at Liverpool, 

 the architect, Elwes, having been worn out 

 with the work. In 1819 he was appointed 

 surveyor of St. Paul's, which office he held till 

 his final retirement from the profession. 

 About the year 1832 he became architect of 

 the Bank of England, and in that capacity ex- 

 ecuted important works, not only at headquar- 

 ters, but also at Bristol, Liverpool, Manchester, 

 and Plymouth. In his efforts for the advance- 

 ment of art, he was eminently catholic and lib- 

 eral. He was long a director of the School of 

 Design at Somerset House, and was connected 

 with the Eoyal Academy, where he held a po- 

 sition of much influence. He was for forty 

 years treasurer of the Artists' General Benevo- 

 lent Institution ; was president of the Eoyal In- 

 stitute of British Architects, receiving the first 

 gold medal awarded by her Majesty to the in- 

 stitute. He was also a member of the Dille- 

 tante Society, and Fellow of the Society of 

 Antiquaries. His honors were not confined to 

 his own country. He was appointed one of 

 the eight foreign members of the Institute of 

 France, in 1841 ; was a member of the Royal 

 Academies of Bavaria, Belgium, Copenhagen ; 

 of the Society of Arts of Geneva ; of the Ar- 

 chaeological Society of Athens, and of the In- 

 stitute of Architects of New York, in 1860. 

 He was the author of a preface to the " Icono- 

 graphy of the "West Front of Wells Cathedral," 

 and of many valuable papers written for the 

 Archseological Institute. 



COLOMBIA, UNITED STATES OF, a federal 

 republic in South America, which, until Sep- 

 tember 20th, 1861, was called New Granada. 

 The area of the republic is estimated at 621,- 

 948 English square miles. It consists at pres- 

 ent of nine States, beside the Federal District 

 of Bogota ; the names, capitals, and population 

 of which are exhibited in the following table : 



States. Capitals. Population. 



Panama.. Panama 133,108 



Bolivar Cartagena 182,157 



Magdiilena Santa Maria 780,093 



Santandcr. Pamplona 378,376 



Antioquia Antioquia 224,442 



Boyaca Tunja 879,682 



Cundinamaria Funza ) A-TARAQ 



Tolima Puriflcacion f 4l *' t)4S 



Canca Popayan 330,831 



Federal District.. Bogota 43,000 



2,223,837 



The receipts for the financial year beginning 

 September 1st, 1861, and ending August 31st, 

 1862, were estimated at 1,824,000 piastres,* 

 the expenditures at 2,136,517 piastres: deficit, 

 312,517 piastres. The public debt for the same 

 financial year was as follows : Interest on the 

 external debt, 202,000 piastres ; interest on the 

 internal debt, 218,104 piastres; interest on the 



* A piastre is equal to an American dollar. 



floating debt, 68,100: total, 488,204. The ar- 

 my, which is divided into four army corps, was 

 to consist, according to the law of August 24th, 

 1861 r of 19,385 men. The importations amount- 

 ed in the year 1856-'57, to 3,255,873 piastres; 

 the exportation, 7,064,584. 



An important revolution broke out in this 

 republic at the beginning of the year 1860. 

 The Liberal party, under the leadership of Gen. 

 Mosquera, rose against the constitutional Presi- 

 dent Ospina, who had entered upon the presi- 

 dential office, on April 1st, 1857, as the suc- 

 cessful candidate of the conservative or Feder- 

 alist party. On July 18th, 1861, Mosquera took 

 possession of Bogota, the federal capital, de- 

 posed President Ospina, and assumed the reins 

 of Government. The Federalist party con- 

 tinued to have control of the southern portion 

 of the republic, with Antioquia as the seat 

 of Government. The representatives of the 

 Liberal States met in a Congress at Bogota, 

 which closed on October 20th, 1861. They as- 

 sumed the name United States of Colombia, 

 and adopted a new constitution, according to 

 which the legislative bodies of the republic 

 were to be a Senate, consisting of three sena- 

 tors from each of the new States, and a Cham- 

 ber of Representatives, chosen by the nine 

 States and the Federal District, at the rate of 

 one representative for every 50,000 souls, and 

 every fraction over 20,000. 



The leader of the troops of the conservative 

 party, Gen. Arboleda, was assassinated in No- 

 vember, 1862, and was succeeded in the com- 

 mand of the Federalist army by Gen. Canal. 

 On December 29th, 1862, an agreement was 

 made between Gen. Canal and Gen. Mosquera, 

 which put an end to the civil war. Gen. Ca- 

 nal, together with his troops, submitted to the 

 Government of the United States of Colombia, 

 which, in its turn, pledged itself to grant a 

 complete amnesty. On February 4th, 1863, 

 deputies of all the States met at Rio Negro, in 

 the State of Antioquia, to form a constitutional 

 convention. Gen. Mosquera resigned to the 

 convention the dictatorial power which had 

 been conferred upon him on September 20th, 

 1861, and the convention appointed a Provis- 

 ional Government, composed of five ministers, 

 who were to remain in office during the organ- 

 ization of the constitution. The new liberal 

 constitution was proclaimed on April 23d, 

 1863. According to its provisions, each State 

 administers its local affairs independently of the 

 Federal Government. Congress and the Presi- 

 dent are elected by the States. Gen. Mosquera 

 was appointed Provisional President until the 

 1st of April, 1864, when the President elected 

 during the year 1863 by the people, was to 

 take his place. During the existence of the 

 Provisional Presidency, there was to be no 

 fixed capital, Gen. Mosquera having the power 

 to move it where he pleased. Among the pro- 

 visions of the new constitution was one grant- 

 ing religious liberty, and another confiscating 

 the church property. This called forth an en- 



