194 



COMMERCE. 



Export* from New Tort. 



tmshel. The shipments were large when the 

 rate of exchange was high ; but the losses sus- 

 tained were very considerable through the 

 year on corn and wheat. An actual shipment 

 of corn resulted as follows, showing the effect 

 of the high rate of gold upon exchange ; 7,714 

 bushels of corn equal 900 quarters; the cost 

 price was 94 cents per bushel; freight 6d. 

 sterling ; exchange 160. The grain sold at 

 26s. 6d. per quarter : 



900 quarters, at 26s. 6d 1,192 10 



Insurance and 3 per cent, war risk. . 86 00 00 



Freight and primage 202 10 00 



Dutyanddues 60 911 



Master porterage 10 2 



Fire Insurance on quay 13 



Use of sack ties 18 



Porterage, weighing. <fec 19 5 5 



Interest on cost an<l charges. 10 8 T 



Bank commissions, J per cent 2 9 



Carriage samples 5 2 



Commissions and guarantee 47 



Reducing the flpur to wheat, the quantities 

 of grain exported were comparatively as fol- 

 lows : 



This represents a decline of nearly $20,000,- 

 000 in the grain exportation a result of the 

 improved harvests and decline in prices abroad. 

 The price of wheat fell in England from 48s. in 

 January, to 39s. per quarter of eight bushels, 

 at the close of the year, or about 80 cents per 



6 6 



Actual net proceeds. 



Cost 7,714 loads, at 94 cents 



Brokerage, J per cent $38 07 



Weighing, screening, &c.J per ct.. 88 07 

 Commmission, 2J per cent 181 60 



Total cost 



809 6s. 3d. drawn at 160. 



383 8 7 

 809 6 8 

 $7,252 16 



257 64 



7,509 80 



5,74983 



Loss, 22J centa per bushel $1,760 43 



"Without either buyer's or seller's commis- 

 sions, the loss would have been 16 cts. per bush- 

 el. Such a trade could not continue, and corn 

 ceased, with the summer, to be exported ; es- 

 pecially as a severe frost at the West was 

 supposed to have done much damage to the 

 crops, and the distillation of whiskey was car- 

 ried on to a great extent in the prospect that 

 the necessities of the Government would re- 

 quire a higher tax to be imposed upon that ar- 

 ticle, and that all whiskey on hand, when that 

 tax should be laid on the manufacture, would 

 have the benefit of the rise. Under .these cir- 

 cumstances corn rose to very high prices, and 

 ceased to be exported. The exports of wheat 

 were diminished, and suffered loss in most 

 cases, but with an occasional rally as the price 

 fluctuated abroad. The internal movement of 

 the grain trade, as indicated in the movements 

 at Chicago, the great growing grain market, 

 and Buffalo and Oswego, the points of receipt, 

 will be seen in a table on the following page. 



The amount of grain and flour reducing the 

 latter to wheat delivered at tide-water by the 

 Erie Canal to the close of navigation, compares 

 as follows with the season of 1862 : 



