EMIGRATION. 



EMMON8, EBENEZER. 



359 



ward of his services he was, in 1849, raised to 

 the peerage, as Baron Elgin of Elgin. From 

 Canada Lord Elgin was transferred to China 

 as special ambassador ; and, while on his way 

 to that empire, learning of the Indian mutiny 

 at Calcutta, he at once took the decided step 

 of landing the troops intended for China, that 

 they might take part in the suppression of the 

 rebellion. Arriving at China, though with a 

 weakened force, he succeeded in his aims, saw 

 Canton taken, and negotiated the important 

 treaty of Tientsin with the Celestials, which 

 forms the basis of their present relations with 

 England. In the summer of 1859 he became a 

 member of Lord Palmerston's cabinet, with 

 the duties of postmaster-general. When the 

 outbreak at Peiho occurred in 1860, Lord Elgin 

 was once more despatched to sustain the Eng- 

 lish authority, and thoroughly fulfilled his mis- 

 sion by entering Pekin in state and compelling 

 the submission of the Celestial chiefs. Scarce- 

 ly had he gained this triumph when he was 

 appointed to succeed Lord Canning as gover- 

 nor-general of India. In this position he was 

 unceasing in his efforts to develop the resources 

 of that wide territory, some fruits of which 

 are already seen in the increasing quantities of 

 cotton now raised in that country. In the 

 autumn of 1863, Lord Elgin started on a tour 

 of inspection of the north of India, with the in- 

 tention of visiting Cashmere, accompanied by 

 Lady Elgin, the secretaries and other Govern- 

 ment officials. On the 13th of November he 

 incurred an unwonted degree of fatigue by 

 ascending, on foot, one of the Himalayan pass- 

 es, and was almost immediately seized with ill- 

 ness which caused him to take to his bed, at a 

 secluded hamlet. He was fully aware of his 

 state and made every earthly preparation for 

 his departure, dictated the telegrams to be 

 despatched to England, and gave instructions 

 respecting the return of his family, and, final- 

 ly, the injunctions relative to his burial at 

 Dhurumsala. 



EMIGRATION. It is intended to notice 

 under this title only the number of persons 

 who have left the countries of Europe and 

 landed in the United States for the purpose of 

 settlement during the last few years. 



During 1863 the arrivals were 182,808. Of 

 this number 156,844 landed in New York; 4,- 

 587 in Maine; 9,030 in Massachusetts; 46 in 

 Rhode Island; 115 in New Jersey; 3,088 in 

 Pennsylvania; 1,176 in Maryland; 140 in Flor- 

 ida; 7,400 in California, and 482 in Oregon. 

 Of the number landed in New York, 84,105 

 reported their destination to be the State of 

 New York ; 10,139 to Pennsylvania and New 

 Jersey; 17,516 to New England; 4,428 to the 

 Southern States; 28,179 to Ohio, Indiana, Illi- 

 nois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, 

 and California; 8,281 to Kansas, Nebraska, 

 Canada, &c. The arrivals at New York during 

 eleven months of 1863, to Nov. 30th, and also 

 during nearly five years from Jan. 1st, 1859, 

 to Nov. 30th, 1863, were as follows : 





The nativity of those who arrived in New 

 York during the entire year 1863, was as fol- 

 lows : from Ireland, 92,157 ; from Germany, 

 35,002 ; from England, 18,757; from other coun- 

 tries, 10,928. The arrivals in New York in 

 1862, were 76,306 ; do. in 1861, 65,529 ; do. in 

 1860, 105,164. 



The following table, compiled from official 

 sources, shows the accelerated advance of im- 

 migration during the period intervening be- 

 tween September, 1819, and December, 1860 : 



In the 10 years ending September 80th, 1829 129,502 



In the 10 years ending September 80th, 1839 533,381 



In the 10 years ending September 30th, 1849 1,427,337 



In the 11} years ending December 81st, 1860 2,968,194 



Making a total of arrivals in 41 years of 6,062,414 



Adding to this the number returned as arriving pre- 

 vious to 1820 284,000 



Total 5,296,414 



To appreciate the benefits of future immi- 

 gration to the United States, an adequate esti- 

 mate should first be formed of the advantages 

 already derived from the same source. These 

 are no less than the achievements of human la- 

 bor throughout the United States since the 

 first European made for himself a home on this 

 continent. The American people are either 

 immigrants or the descendants of immigrants, 

 and of a period with which all are sufficiently 

 familiar. 



EMMONS, EBENEZER, M. D., an American 

 geologist and author, born in Middlefield, Berk- 

 shire county, Massachusetts, in 1798, died at 

 Brunswick, North Carolina,*0ctober 1st, 1863. 

 He graduated from Williams College, Mass., 

 in 1818, and having selected the profession of 

 medicine, pursued his course of medical studies 

 at Pittsfield and elsewhere, and received his 

 diploma after the organization of the Berkshire 

 Medical Institute, in 1830. He soon became a 

 successful practitioner, but his tastes led him 

 to cultivate with great assiduity the natural 

 sciences, and in 1833 he was elected professor' 

 of natural history in Williams College, the 

 first professorship of that kind, we believe, 

 ever established in this country. In this posi- 

 tion lie made important contributions to the 

 knowledge of the botany, geology, and miner- 

 alogy of New England and the Northern States, 

 and assisted in the natural history survey of 



