FINANCES, U. S. 



FLOY, JAMES 



413 



were exceptional years, especially 1854, in re- 

 gard to almost everything : 



1845 to 1849 $1 88 to $1 50perday. 



1850 168 " 175 



1851 to 1858 1 75 



1854 2 00 



1855 to 1856 1 75 



1857 1 63 



1858 to 1863 1 75 



general movement among the working- 

 classes took place in the autumn months of 

 1863, and resulted in an increase of pay. The 

 following table will show the wages of a num- 

 ber of occupations : 



WA6ES OF LABOR IN NEW TORE. 



1 



2 13 

 1 88 

 1 75 



1 88 



FINLAND. (See RUSSIA.) 



FLORIDA. In civil, military, or political 

 affairs no change of importance occurred in the 

 State of Florida during 1863. Gov. Milton, in 

 a message to the Legislature, recommended that 

 every man and boy capable of bearing arms, who 

 was not already in the military service of the 

 Confederacy, or liable to conscription, should 

 be organized as State troops, armed and occa- 

 sionally drilled. The object of this organiza- 

 tion was for the protection of the lives and 

 property of the citizens generally. He pro- 

 posed to embrace in it those who had substi- 

 tutes in the army, or who resided in the State 

 five days, or those who might be in it an hour 

 for the purpose of speculation, including also 

 aliens. They were not to be subject to be or- 

 dered into the army, nor from their ordinary 

 pursuits, except to repel invasions, and to main- 

 tain suitable police regulations. 



The number of soldiers' families in the State 

 needing assistance was three thousand three 

 hundred and ninety-eight, comprising eleven 

 thousand six hundred and seventy-three per- 

 sons. 



Early in March, Gen. Hunter, then in com- 

 mand of the Department of the South, ordered 

 Jacksonville to be occupied by the colored 

 troops under Col. Higginson. It was known 

 that there were less than three thousand troops 

 of the enemy in the State, and it was thought 

 that a small force could be made effective in 

 opening it to the occupation of local citizens, 

 and creating an avenue of escape for the hunt- 

 ed negroes gathered in the interior. Jackson- 

 ville was under the command of the gunboats ; 

 but its occupation seems to have been ordered 

 before Gen. Hunter *vas prepared permanently 

 to hold it. The place is the key of East 

 Florida, and its permanent occupation would 

 have compelled the abandonment by the enemy 

 of all the territory east of the St. John's. It 

 was at first occupied by the colored troops, 

 who were soon after reenforced by the 8th 

 Maine and 6th Connecticut, for the purpose 

 of making a more extended and powerful 

 movement. They came with ten days' ra- 

 tions, but were delayed in disembarking, 

 which had been accomplished but a short time 

 when an order to return reached them. Two 

 short reconnoissances were made. Some pris- 

 oners and cattle were taken. As the troops 

 embarked the place was fired by incendiaries. 

 This was the third occupation of the town, thus 

 far during the war. Still later in the year the 

 troops were withdrawn from Pensacola in West 

 Florida, and that place was also burned. 



FLOY, JAMES, D. D., a clergyman of the 

 Methodist Episcopal Church, born in New 

 York city, August 20th, 1806, died in the same 

 city, October 14th, 1863. He was of English 

 parentage on his father's side. His early edu- 

 cation was obtained in the grammar school of 

 Columbia College, and he subsequently passed 

 through the undergraduate course of that col- 

 lege, but in accordance with his father's wish 



