GERMANY. 



449 



salt works, at a distance from the town, were 

 subsequently destroyed. 



In May the governor called upon the State 

 troops to come to the aid of the army in Missis- 

 sippi, but without securing a sufficient force. 

 On the approach of Gen. Rosecrans to Chatta- 

 nooga, the reserves of the State were called 

 into the field, and on a call for eight thousand, 

 eighteen thousand offered themselves. The 

 military organizations and officers had been re- 

 tained, and to this cause the governor ascribed 

 his success in securing men. 



The Convention which adopted the ordi- 

 nance of secession, at the same time passed an 

 ordinance declaring that each alien within the 

 State at that time should be regarded as a citi- 

 zen, unless he made a declaration/vvithin three 

 months before a court of record that he did not 

 wish to be considered a citizen of the State. 

 All aliens who omitted to make this declaration 

 were therefore conscripted like other citizens 

 for the army. 



Claims for exemption were subsequently 

 brought before the courts of the State by aliens, 

 but in all cases it was decided that the plea of 

 alienage conferred no exemption. On the same 

 grounds the protest of the British consul, Mr. 

 Fullerton, in similar cases was disregarded. 



The number of soldiers contributed to the 

 army during the year is at present unknown. 

 The foreign commerce of the State was reduced 

 to a few small cargoes in some light vessels, 

 which escaped the blockading force. 



GERMANY, a confederation of sovereign 

 and independent states in Central Europe. The 

 Constitution of the Confederacy consists of 

 twenty articles. Its object, according to the 

 first article, is " the preservation of the inter- 

 nal and external security of Germany and the 

 independence and inviolability of the various 

 German states." The organ and representa- 

 tive of the Confederation is the Diet of Plenipo- 

 tentiaries, which Is permanent, and assembles 

 in the free city of Frankfort-on-the-Main. 

 The executive and administrative government 

 of the Diet is constituted in two forms: 1st. as 

 a General Assembly or Plenum, in which every 

 member of the Confederation has at least one 

 vote, and the larger states have two, three, or 

 four votes each ; and 2d, the Minor Council, or 

 Committee of Confederation, in which the 

 eleven largest states cast one vote each, while 

 six votes are given to the smaller states, a num- 

 ber of them combined having a joint vote. The 

 General Assembly decides on war and peace, 

 on the admission of new members, on any 

 changes in the fundamental laws or organic 

 institutions, but in all other cases the Minor 

 Council is competent to act both as Legislature 

 and Executive. 



At the time of its establishment, in 1815, the 

 German Confederation consisted of thirty -nine 

 sovereign states, but the following five "states 

 have now ceased to exist: 1st, the Duchy of 

 Gotha, which became extinct in 1826, by the 

 decease of the last duke, and was according to 

 VOL. in. 29 A 



compact divided between Saxe Coburg and 

 Saxe Meiningen; 2d, the Duchy of Anhalt K6- 

 then, which, in consequence of the extinction 

 of the ducal house in 1847, became annexed to 

 Anhalt Dessau ; 3d and 4th, the Principalities 

 of Hohenzollern Hechingen and Hohenzollern 

 Sigmaringen, which, in 1849 were united to 

 Prussia, in consequence of the simultaneous 

 abdication of the two reigning princes in favor 

 of the king of Prussia, head of the House of Ho- 

 henzollern ; 5th, the Duchy of Anhalt Bernburg, 

 which became extinct on August 19th, 1863, and 

 was united with Anhalt Dessau-Kothen. 



The following table exhibits the present 

 members of the German Confederation, the 

 titles of the Sovereigns, the number of votes 

 cast by each member in the Diet, and their 

 rank. The Presidency of the Federal Diet is 

 permanently vested in Austria. 





The population of each German state, ac- 

 cording to the census of 1861 (unless otherwise 

 marked), its area in English square miles, as 

 well as the contingent of each state in the Fed- 

 eral army, may be seen from the following 

 table : 



The great majority of the inhabitants of the 

 Confederation belong to the Teutonic race. 

 In two states only Austria and Prussia is 

 there a considerable number of natives of other 

 races. Austria has more than 6 millions Slavi 

 and about 500,000 Roumanians in its crown- 

 lands, which belong to the German Confedera- 

 tion, and Prussia about 850,000 Slavi. In four 



