INDIA, BEITISH. 



525 



by misrepresenting the conduct of the people 

 of Gettysburg during the fiery ordeal through 

 which they had passed, and by depreciating a 

 hospitality to visitors which consisted in di- 

 viding with strangers the little which the mer- 

 ciless invaders had left. It is true that justice, 

 sure, although tardy, has finally been done to 

 the people of Gettysburg and the surrounding 

 country, in these respects. The sufferers are 

 beginning to turn their attention to the Na- 

 tional Government as the source of relief. The 

 question how far a loyal citizen of a rebel or 

 disloyal State, of the Government of which he 

 is in legal theory a component part, and for the 

 conduct of which he is in some sense respon- 

 sible, is entitled to national compensation for 

 property destroyed by the rebellion in such a 

 State, presents a very grave, legal, and consti- 

 tutional question. At all events it is not the 

 same question which is raised by the application 

 of the people of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana, 

 for losses inflicted by an inter-State invasion. 



The Governments of the States might be 

 held responsible to satisfy the losses caused by 

 insurrectionary violence among their own citi- 

 zens, and they have the means to meet this re- 

 sponsibility in the power to confiscate the prop- 

 erty of the guilty. But it is the province of 

 the General Government to protect the loyal 

 States against inter-State invasion, and to sat- 

 isfy the losses caused by such invasion, when 

 it cannot be prevented. 



INDIA, BRITISH. The area and population 

 of the British possessions in India are : Area, 

 933,722 English square miles; population, 134,- 

 634,244. The English population in India, in- 

 cluding the army, 85,000 strong, is 125,379. 



The revenue, public expenditure, &c., in the 

 year ending April 30th, 1862, were as follows : 



KBVENUE. 



Land Revenue including tributes and contribu- 

 tions from Native States, &c 22,711,717 



Assessed Taxes 2,054,696 



Customs 2,876,189 



Salt 4,563,031 



Opium 6,859,269 



Stamps 1,693,217 



Mint 880,735 



Post Office 402,135 



Electric Telegraph 73,452 



Law and Justice, and Police 511,513 



Mar i n e 155,723 



Public Works 688,858 



Miscellaneous, Civil and Military 463,500 



Interest 956,219 



Total 43,829,472 



EXPENTMTTHIE. 



Repayments, Allowances, Refunds and Draw- 

 backs 841,588 



Charges of collection and payments in realization 

 of the Eevenue, including cost of salt and 

 Opium 5,526,724 



Allowances and assignments under Treaties and 



Engagements 1,640,466 



Allowances to District and Village Officers 599,682 



Charges in India, including interest on Debt, 

 and the value of stores received from Eng- 

 land 29,137,846 



Charges in England, excluding the value of stores 



supplied to India 5,209,264 



Guaranteed interest on the capital of railway 

 and other companies, in India and In Eng- 

 land, deducting net traffic receipts 1,425,080 



Total jE48,8SO,100 



The number of native Christians in India is 

 still comparatively small, but steadily increas- 

 ing. The following table exhibits the state of 

 the Eoman Catholic missions in India, accord- 

 ing to the latest account : 



Apostolic Vlcarlates. Catholics. Apostolic Vicariatcs. Catholics. 



Madras 46,4S01Quilon 45,000 



Bombay 25,000 Mysore 17,300 



Eastern Bengal 18,000 jCoombatore 17200 



Western Bengal 15,000'Agra 25,000 



Madura 140,000:Patna 8,400 



Hyderabad 6,000 Ava and Pegu 53,200 



Vizagapatam 7,180 Malayan Peninsula.... 5,400 



Mangalore 84,880 Jaffna 52,237 



Verapoly 229,006:Colombo 90,900 



Altogether the number of Eoman Catholics 

 in British India was estimated at about 900,000, 

 but these did not include a large number of 

 schismatics (of Portuguese extraction), who re- 

 fused to recognize the jurisdiction of the Vicars 

 Apostolic, and only that of the Archbishop of 

 Goa. As this Goa schism was supposed to 

 come to an end in 1863, by a convention be- 

 tween Eorne and the Court of Portugal, these 

 Indian schismatics would be reconciled to the 

 Eoman Church, and swell its numbers to about 

 1,000,000. Included in this number are about 

 150,000 Syrian Christians, who have acknowl- 

 edged the authority of the Pope. There was 

 a report in 1862, that a majority of them had 

 repudiated the connection with the Eoman 

 Church, and entered into ecclesiastical com- 

 munion with the Jacobites of Syria, but by 

 Eoman Catholic writers the whole population 

 is still claimed for the Eoman Church. 



The most complete account of the progress of 

 Protestant missions has been given in a work 

 by Eev. Joseph Mullens, D. D., of Calcutta, 

 entitled, "A Brief Eeview of Ten Years' Mis- 

 sionary Labor in India" (London, 1863). Ac- 

 cording to this writer, the native Protestants 

 in India and Ceylon were, in 1862, 112,491, 

 and, in 1862, 153,816. But besides these there 

 were, at the latter period, 59,366 converts con- 

 nected with the Burmese missions. In 1852 

 the native Christians of the Burmese missions 

 were most of them beyond the limits of the 

 Anglo-Indian dominion, but by 1862 the fron- 

 tier had been so pushed forward as to include 

 them within the limits of the empire. Adding 

 them to the number previously stated, the ag- 

 gregate becomes 213,182. 



Education and literature are likewise making 

 rapid progress among the natives. The number 

 of books published by a single society the 

 Vernacular Literature Society has risen from 

 12,841 in the year 1825, to 121,669 in 1861. 

 The following list shows the number issued in 

 various languages in 1861 : English, 46,783 ; 

 Anglo- Asiatic, 3,147; Sanscrit, 588; Bengali, 

 62,935 ; Hindoo, 5,171 ; Oorya, 35 ; Arabic, 4 ; 

 Persian, 120; Urdu, 2,868; Santal, 16; Coss- 

 yah, 2. The Society has 61 agents occupied 

 in selling its books. If to this be added the 

 253,170 books issued in 1861-'62 by the Chris- 

 tian Vernacular Society, the issues of the Tract, 

 Bible and Eeligious Societies at the three 

 Presidencies, and those of the Northwest 



