INDIA, BEITISH. 



of Cachar, where, also, the tea plant has been 

 found growing wild, upward of 68,149 acres 

 have been leased to tea planters, and the esti- 

 mated crop for 1862 was 336,800 Ibs. But it 

 is not alone in Assam and contiguous provinces 

 that tea is grown. About the time that opera- 

 tions were begun in Assam the Government 

 established experimental gardens on the skirts 

 of the Himalayas, in the Northwestern prov- 

 inces, where a very superior quality of tea is now 

 produced Jargely. In 1862, 78 tea plantations 

 were in operation in this region, of which 

 37 were in the hands of Europeans, and the 

 rest were worked by natives. During the 

 year, 89 tons of tea seed and 2,400,000 seed- 

 lings were distributed gratis to private planters 

 from the Government factories, and yet the 

 supply fell far short of the demand. Later un- 

 official reports represent the tea culture to be 

 much more extensive than the above official 

 figures indicate. In all the districts mentioned 

 the business is rapidly increasing. 



The cultivation of coffee has advanced with 

 rapid strides in the highlands of Southern In- 

 dia. The native planters number three or four 

 thousand, and these numbers are fast increas- 

 ing. 



In the growth of cotton, which is one of the 

 natural productions of India, the country is 

 making rapid strides, stimulated by the great 

 demand and high prices caused by the failure 

 of the supply from the United States. In 1862 

 no less than 1,072,000 bales were exported, and 

 the supplies of 1863 and 1864 were estimated 

 at 1,200,000 bales and 1,500,000 bales, respec- 

 tively. The British Government has bestowed 

 more expense and effort in stimulating the cul- 

 tivation of this staple than upon any other pro- 

 duct of its Indian possessions. So earnest is it in 

 the endeavor to exfend cotton growing, that a 

 Government manufactory is employed con- 

 structing cotton gins, which are turned out at 

 the rate of eight a day, and sold at the prime 

 cost, or 30 each, and the demand for them is 

 so great that more than a thousand applicants 

 cannot be supplied, and native mechanics are 

 getting 60 to 70 for an imitation of the 

 machine. 



The British Government has also introduced 

 into India the chinchona or Peruvian bark tree 

 of South America, and its cultivation is pro- 

 ceeding with signal success. 



Another important step toward the develop- 

 ment of the agricultural resources of the coun- 

 try, is the construction of canals and weirs for 

 irrigating extensive regions where the rain-fall 

 is insufficient for purposes of cultivation. These 

 works are vast in extent and benefit. The 

 Ganges canal, one of the principal, has no less 

 than 898i miles of main channel, with 1,852 

 miles of distributing water courses, besides 

 many hundred miles of minor channels. It ir- 

 rigates an area of 1,471,500 acres, and its ben- 

 eficent waters will protect from the risk of fa- 

 mine a tract of country containing a population 

 of 6,500,000 souls. It is estimated that in the 

 VOL. in. 34 A 



INDIANA. 



529 



famine of I860-'!, 339,243,840 Ibs. of grain 

 were grown by the irrigation which it afforded. 

 "Other canals are from 100 to 600 miles in 

 length, ad render fertile vast tracts of land 

 that would otherwise remain almost barren 

 wastes. In the Presidency of Madras nearly 

 all the great rivers have been intersected by 

 weirs, which retain for irrigation the floods of 

 fructifying waters that would else flow out to 

 sea. The increased production is reckoned by 

 millions of pounds in value. 



INDIANA. The State of Indiana was twice 

 invaded during the year by small forces of the 

 enemy. The first force which entered the 

 State consisted of a portion of the 2d Ken- 

 tucky cavalry, Capt. Hines. On the night of 

 June 16th they crossed the Ohio river at Flint 

 Rock, near Leavenworth, by fording it. They 

 went to Leavenworth, Corydon, and Paoli. 

 After plundering the stores and citizens at 

 these places, they began to be hard pressed by 

 the local militia, and escaped across the river 

 with difficulty and some loss. The second in- 

 vasion was made by a force under command 

 of Gen. Morgan. 



The excitement occasioned by this invasion 

 surpassed any previous one. In about sixty 

 hours ten regiments of infantry, four compa- 

 nies of cavalry, and two batteries of artillery, 

 were organized at Indianapolis and on the 

 move. The services of over forty 'thousand 

 men were tendered to the authorities. (See 

 AEMY OPERATIONS.) 



The total number of troops which had been 

 furnished to the Union army to the 1st of Sep- 

 tember, was 93,895 three years' men. The 

 quota of the State under the several calls of 

 1861 and 1862 was 65,394. The excess of the 

 State, therefore, was at that time 28,501. Ac- 

 cording to the enrolment of the State there 

 were of the first class 134,163 men, one fifth 

 of whom were called for by the draft, which 

 amounted to 26,832, tfrus giving the State still 

 an excess of 1,669 at that date. After the call 

 for troops in October liberal bounties were 

 offered to volunteers of $50 to $200 in addition 

 to the Federal bounty. About five persons 

 were appointed in each county where recruit- 

 ing was actively done, to secure volunteers,, 

 and many soldiers returned to unite their ef- 

 forts. Thus troops were more promptly and 

 speedily raised than probably in any other 

 State. The quota to be raised under the call 

 in October was 18,597. 



A difficulty occurred in the Legislature of 

 the State some days previous to the time for 

 the close of the session, which suspended en- 

 tirely the proceedings of that body. It con- 

 sisted in the withdrawal of a portion of the 

 members of the House, by which no quorum 

 to do business was left. The occasion of this 

 withdrawal of members was reported to be 

 an apprehension on their part that the majority 

 of the House, who were designated as demo- 

 crats, " would pass a bill which deprived the 

 governor of that full control of the State militia, 



