ITALY. 



543 



throne of Sardinia on the abdication of his 

 father, March 23d, 1849. By the Treaty of 

 Villafranca, July llth, 1859, and the Peace of 

 Zurich, Nov. 10th, 1859, he obtained Lombar- 

 dy, part of the Papal States, and the Duchies 

 of Parma and Modena, while the Grand Duchy 

 of Tuscany was annexed by decree of March 

 22d, 1860, and the Marches, Umbria (likewise 

 part of the Papal States), and the Two, Sicilies 

 were added to the kingdom Dec. 17th, 1860. 

 On March 17th, Victor Emanuel was pro- 

 claimed, by vote of the Italian Parliament, 

 King of Italy. He was married on April 12th, 

 1842, to Archduchess Adelaide of Austria, who 

 died January 20th, 1855. His children are: 



1. Princess Clotilde, born March 2d, 1843; 

 married on Jan. 30th, 1859, to Prince Na- 

 poleon, cousin of the Emperor of the French. 



2. Prince Humbert, heir apparent and Prince 

 of Piedmont, born March 14th, 1844. 3. Prince 

 Amadeus, Duke of Aosta, born May 30th, 1845. 

 4. Prince Ot'ho, Duke of Montferrat, born July 

 llth, 1846. 5. Princess Pia, born Oct. 16th, 

 1847; married Oct. 6th, 1862, to King Louis L, 

 of Portugal. 



The civil list of the king (dotazione della 

 corona) has been settled at 16,250,000 lire.* 

 The cousin of the king, Prince Albert Victor, 

 Duke of Genoa, has also a State allowance 

 (appannaggio) of 300,000 lire, and Prince Eu- 

 gene Carignano an allowance of 200,000 lire. 

 To the latter sum are added 100,000 lire, under 

 the name of " spese di rappresentanza," making 

 the " appannaggio " of Prince Eugene the same 

 as that of Prince AHpert Victor. The large 

 private domains of the reigning family were 

 given up to the State in 1848. 



The constitution of Italy is substantially the 

 same as the fundamental statute (statute fun- 

 damentale), granted on March 4th, 1848, by 

 King Charles Albert, to the people of Sardinia. 

 The executive power belongs exclusively to the 

 king, who exercises it through responsible min- 

 isters. The legislative authority is shared by 

 the king with a Parliament, which consists 

 of the Senate and a Chamber of Deputies. The 

 Senate is composed of the princes of the royal 

 house (when of age), and other members, who 

 must be above forty years and are appointed by 

 the king for life. The deputies (in 1862, 443) 

 are elected by the majority of citizens, who 

 are twenty-one years of age, and pay taxes to 

 the amount of 40 lire. A deputy must be thirty 

 years old, and at his election at least one third 

 of the inscribed electors must appear at the 

 polls. No member of the Parliament receives 

 any salary or other compensation. The dura- 

 tion of the Parliaments is five years. In each 

 chamber the presence of an absolute majority 

 is necessary for the transaction of business. 

 The ministers may attend, but can vote only 

 if they are members. The king may dissolve 

 the lower chamber, but in that case must order 

 a new election, and convoke the new chamber 



* One lira equals a franc (18 cents 6 mills). 



within four months. The Parliament meets 

 annually. 



Italy has an area of 98,075 English square 

 miles, and, according to the census of Jan. 1st, 

 1862, a population of 21,776,953. It is divided 

 into 59 provinces, each of which is adminis- 

 tered by a prefect. The name and population 

 of each province are contained in the following 

 table : 



The Italian Ministry was composed, in Dec., 

 1863, as follows: 



1. President of the Council and Minister of 

 Finance : Chev. Mario Minghetti, born at Borne 

 in 1815. 



2. Ministry of Grace, Justice and Ecclesias- 

 tical Affairs : Pisanelli, born at Naples in 1815 ; 

 appointed Dec. 8th, 1862. 



3. Ministry of Foreign Affairs : Count Vis- 



* One square mile=54'9 square kilometres. 



