652 



MISSISSIPPI. 



The destruction in the region of Jackson is 

 described on page 66 of this volume. 



The number of locomotives and cars destroy- 

 ed on the railroads of Mississippi during the 

 year is stated to have been seventy-seven of 

 the former, and about six hundred of the latter. 

 Owing to the destruction of bridges it was im- 

 possible to remove a large portion of the for- 

 mer after they were captured. 



At an election for State officers under the 

 Confederacy, Charles Clark was chosen Gover- 

 nor, C. A. Brougher, Secretary of State, A. J. 

 Gillespie, Auditor, and M. D. Hughes, Treas- 

 urer. In a message to the Legislature he de- 

 scribed the encroachments upon the State by 

 the Federal army ; urged the construction of a 

 temporary penitentiary and the reestablishment 

 of the deaf and dumb and blind asylums de- 

 stroyed at Jackson, and advised the removal of 

 negroes from the exposed districts. 



On the 1st of August Gen. Grant issued the 

 following order recommending that in the re- 

 gion subject to his arms the freedom of the ne- 

 groes should be acknowledged, and instead of 

 compulsory labor, contracts upon fair terms 

 should be made between master and servants. 



HEADQUARTERS DEP'T. OF THE TENNESSEE, I 

 VICKSBUBG, Miss., August 1st, 1S63. | 



1. All regular organized bodies of the enemy having 

 been driven from those parts of Kentucky and Ten- 

 nessee west of the Tenne_ssee river, and from all Mis- 

 sissippi west of the Mississippi Central Railroad, and 

 it being to the interest of those districts not to invite 

 the presence of armed bodies of men amongst them, it 

 is announced that the most rigorous penalties will 

 hereafter be inflicted upon the following class of pris- 

 oners, to wit : All irregular bodies of cavalry not 

 mustered and paid by the Confederate authorities ; all 

 persons engaged in conscription, or in apprehending 

 deserters, whether regular or irregular ; all citizens 

 encouraging or aiding the same ; and all persons de- 

 tected in firing upon unarmed transports. It is not 

 contemplated that this order shall affect the treatment 

 due to prisoners of war, captured within the districts 

 named, when they are members of legally organized 

 companies, and when their acts are in accordance with 

 the usages of civilized warfare. 



2. The citizens of Mississippi within the limits above 

 described are called upon to pursue their peaceful 

 avocations, in obedience to the laws of the United 

 States. Whilst doing so iu good faith, all United 

 States forces are prohibited from molesting them in 

 any way. It is earnestly recommended that the free- 

 dom of negroes be acknowledged, and that instead of 

 compulsory labor contracts upon fair terms be entered 

 into between the former master and servants, or be- 

 tween the latter and such other persons as may be 

 willing to give them employment. Such a system as 

 this, honestly followed, will result in substantial ad- 

 vantages to all parties. 



All private property will be respected except when 

 the_ use of it is necessary for the Government, in 

 which case it must be taken under the direction of a 

 corps commander, and by a proper detail under charge 

 of a commissioned officer, with specific instructions to 

 seize certain property and no other. A staff officer of 

 the quartermaster or subsistence department will in 

 each instance be designated to receipt for such prop- 

 erty as may be seized, the property to DC paid for at the 

 end of the war on proof of loyalty, or on proper ad- 

 justment of the claim, under such regulations or laws 

 as may hereafter be established. All property seized 

 under this order must be taken up on returns by the 

 officer giving receipts and disposed of in accordance 

 with existing regulations. 



MISSOURI. 



3. Persons having cotton or other produce not re- 

 quired by the army will be allowed to bring the same 

 to any military post within the State of Mississippi, and 

 abandon it to the agent of the Treasury Department at 

 said post, to be disposed of in accordance with such regu- 

 lations as the Secretary of the Treasury may establish. 

 At posts where there is no such agent the quartermas- 

 ter will receive all such property, and, at the option of 

 the owner, hold it until the arrival of the agent, or send 

 it to Memphis, directed to Cant. A. R. Eddy, assistant 

 quartermaster, who will turn it over to the" proper au- 

 thorized agent at that place. 



4. Within the county of Warren, laid waste by the 

 long presence of contending armies, the following rules 

 to prevent suffering will be observed : Maj.-Gen. Sher- 

 man, commanding the fifteenth army corps, and Maj.- 

 Gen. McPherson, commanding the seventeenth army 

 corps, will each designate a commissary of subsistence, 

 who will issue articles of prime necessity to all desti- 

 tute families calling for them, under such restric- 

 tions for the protection of the Government as they 

 deem necessary. Families who are able to pay for 

 the provisions drawn will, in all cases, be required to 

 do so. 



5. Conduct disgraceful to the American name has 

 been frequently reported to the major-general com- 

 manding, particularly on the part of portions of 

 the cavalry. Hereafter, if the guilty parties cannot 

 be reached, the commanders of regiments and detach- 

 ments will be held responsible, and those who prove 

 themselves unequal to the task of preserving disci- 

 pline in their commands will be promptly reported to 

 the War Department for "mustering out. Sum- 

 mary punishment must be inflicted upon all officers 

 and soldiers apprehended in acts of violence or law- 

 lessness. 



By order of Maj.-Gen. U. S. GRANT : 



T. S. BOWERS, A. A.-G. 



On the 10th another order was issued pro- 

 viding for the employment of liberated slaves 

 within his department, and on the 23d, another 

 regulating their conduct in and near his camps. 



On the march of Gen. Sherman from East- 

 port, Miss., where his army abandoned the 

 Memphis and Charleston railroad, to reenforce 

 Gen. Grant at Chattanooga, his force was sub- 

 sisted on the route. 



A very limited amount of supplies was 

 brought by wagons, but the whole country for 

 miles on either flank was stripped of every ar- 

 ticle of food and every pound of forage. The 

 citizens were sorely pressed for the necessities 

 of life, but the safety and sustenance of armies 

 were balanced against this fact, and decided in 

 favor of the latter. 



All animals capable of carrying a soldier, his 

 gun and blanket, were pressed into the service, 

 and almost the whole command consequently 

 arrived mounted. 



MISSOURI. The military operations in the 

 State of Missouri were of little national impor- 

 tance during 1863. (See ARMT OPERATIONS.) 

 The movements toward emancipation created 

 great excitement, and form the chief subject of 

 interest. The State Convention, originally con- 

 vened for the purpose of passing an ordinance 

 of secession, had adjourned from time to time, 

 but was controlled by Union men. The friends 

 of secession mostly retired, and their places 

 were partly filled by Union men. In 1862 it 

 pH-^i'd an ordinance continuing the State offi- 

 cers which it had previously elected in office 



I 



