

NEW JEESEY. 



Senate . Atiembl y. 



Republicans 7 20 



Democrats .14 40 



The balance in the State Treasury at the be- 

 ginning of the year was $92,084. The State 

 has no debt of consequence except that con- 

 tracted as war expenses. The local institu- 

 tions were prosperous during the year. On 

 the invasion of Pennsylvania, the troops of the 

 State were promptly sent to repel the enemy. 

 (See ARMY OPERATIONS.) 



The railroad system of the State has attracted 

 much attention. Situated geographically as 

 the State is, between the great cities of New 

 York and Philadelphia, and the States in which 

 those cities are located, the route of communi- 

 cation necessarily passes over her territory. 

 This embraces likewise the principal portion 

 of the communication by land between the 

 north and the central and southern part of the 

 country. Four rivers of some importance inter- 

 sect this route, viz. : the Hackensack, the Pas- 

 saic, Raritan and Delaware. The necessity of 

 an easy communication between the above 

 cities was so manifest in the war of 1812, as to 

 be considered a work of national importance, 

 and deserving the aid of the Federal Govern- 

 ment. Congress, however, refused to author- 

 ize any expenditure for such an object. Thirty 

 years ago, when the Delaware and Raritan. 

 canal and the Camden-Amboy railroad were 

 chartered, the projects were considered to be 

 so visionary that the charters could with great 

 difficulty be given away by the State. Indeed 

 they could not be given away upon terms on 

 which capitalists were then willing to accept 

 them unless they were impregnably protected 

 from competition. This protection was thus 

 given from the necessity of the case, as with- 

 out it neither railroad nor canal would have 

 then been built. On the fares paid by passen- 

 gers and merchandise which pass over the 

 railroad and cnnal a percentage is paid, which 

 amounts to $200,000 on the thousands of pas- 

 sengers and hundreds of millions of merchan- 

 dise thus transported. In principle the tolls 

 which are paid into the treasury of New York 

 from the business done on her canals, is sim- 

 ar to those which New Jersey exacts for the 

 Business done on her public works. The fares 

 on these routes are as low or lower than those 

 on any other works in the country. The final 

 success of the companies chartered in 1830 

 has been such as enabled them to assist in 

 the construction of railroads in all parts of 

 the State. 



An application was made to Congress at the 

 session commencing in December, 1863, to 

 declare the Delaware and Raritan railroad a 

 post and military road of the United States. 

 This road runs from Keyport, on Raritan Bay, 

 to the Delaware river opposite Dover, but 

 is completed to its intersection with a road 

 from Philadelphia to Atlantic City. A com- 

 mittee of the House reported unanimously in 

 favor of the application. The question involved 



NEW YORK. 



683 



the important consideration as to the right of 

 the Federal Government to enter a State and 

 give certain privileges to a corporation con- 

 trolled by its local laws. By means of their 

 route the Delaware and Raritan Company had 

 transported troops and freight from Philadel- 

 phia to New York, but were enjoined from 

 continuing to do the same by the chancellor 

 of New Jersey, who ordered the payment to 

 the Camden and Arnboy Railroad Company of 

 all sums received by said Delaware and Rari- 

 tan Company, on the ground that an act of 

 the State makes it unlawful for any road to 

 be constructed during the existence of the 

 Camden and Amboy charter, "which shall be 

 intended to carry passengers and merchandise 

 between New York and Philadelphia," without 

 the consent of the said Camden and Amboy 

 Company. 



According to their report the committee of 

 Congress find that from September 1st, 1862, 

 to June 1st, 1863, there were transported over 

 the Delaware and Raritan Bay Company's road 

 seventeen thousand four hundred and twenty- 

 eight men, six hundred and forty-nine horses, 

 and eight hundred and six thousand two hun- 

 dred and forty -five pounds of freight, by order 

 of the Government. 



They also find that Congress has five times 

 exercised the power of establishing post-roads. 

 1st. In the case of the bridges across the Ohio 

 at Wheeling and Bridgeport, Virginia, which 

 law was sustained by the Supreme Court. 2d. 

 In a special law of Congress declaring that all 

 railroads in the United States shall be post- 

 routes. 3d. Act of 1863, where that legislation 

 is reaffirmed. 4th. In an act declaring a 

 bridge partly constructed across the Ohio river 

 at Steubenville, Ohio, to be a lawful structure. 

 5th. In the act of 1863, authorizing the Presi- 

 dent to seize any railroad when the public 

 safety may require it, so that it shall be con- 

 sidered a part of the military establishment of 

 the United States, as well as a post-road. The 

 committee then proceeded to argue from article 

 1, section 8, Constitution of the United States, 

 that Congress " shall have power to regulate 

 commerce with foreign nations and among the 

 several States, and with the Indian tribes," 

 and quote at length views of the Supreme 

 Court in cases arising under that clause. The 

 committee then present a record of the action 

 of Congress, the various State Legislatures, etc., 

 for better railway connection from New York 

 to Washington. 



NEW YORK. On the first day of 1863, 

 Horatio Seymour, who had been previously 

 elected, was inaugurated governor of N.-w 

 York. On this occasion, in his brief inaugural 

 address, after complimenting Governor Morgan 

 (then retiring) on the manner in which he had 

 discharged his duties, Governor Seymour said : 



Fellow citizens : In your presence I have solemnly 

 sworn to support the Constitution of the United States, 

 with all its grants, restrictions, and guarantees, and I 

 shall support it. 



