730 



OHIO. 



ensured. He was the author of a work en- 

 titled " Sketches at Home and Abroad," pub- 

 lished in 1836, and was one of the principal 

 members of the Old Society of Painters in 

 water colors. 



Dee. 13. GREEK, JOSEPH HENRY, F. R. S., a 

 distinguished English surgeon, died at Hadley, 

 He was born in 1791, and received his pro- 

 fessional education at St. Thomas's Hospital, 

 was admitted a member of the Royal College 

 of Surgeons in 1815, and in 1818 joined Sir 

 Astley Cooper as joint lecturer on anatomy 

 and physiology. In 1820 he became a surgeon 

 to St. Thomas's Hospital, and delivered lec- 

 tures on surgery and pathology. He was re- 

 markable for his skill in operating, especially 

 for lithotomy. In 1830 he was appointed to 

 the professorship of surgery in King's College, 

 and the following year wrote a pamphlet 

 called " Distinction Without Separation," ad- 

 dressed to the president of the Royal College of 

 Surgeons, proving that the distinction usually 

 recognized between physician and surgeon does 

 not really exist. In 1855, on the death of Mr. 

 Lynn, surgeon to the Westminster Hospital, 

 and a member of the Council of the College, 

 Mr. Green was unanimously elected to the 

 chair, and in 1840 was requested by his col- 

 leagues to deliver the annual Hunterian ora- 

 tion, afterward published at their suggestion 

 under the title " Vital Dynamics," and again, 

 in 1847, he became Hunterian orator, and pub- 

 lished the lectures under the name of " Mental 

 Dynamics." In 1846, on the resignation of 

 Sir Benjamin Brodie, he was elected a member 

 of the Court of Examiners, and in 1849 ob- 

 tained the honor of the president's gown. At 

 the time of his death he was president of the 

 Council of Medical Education and Registration 

 of the United Kingdom. 



Dee. 24. THACKERAY, WILLIAM M. (See 

 THACKERAY.) 



OHIO. Quite an excitement of a "political 

 nature existed in Ohio during a portion of the 

 year. It was occasioned by the arrest of Clem- 

 ent L. Vallandigham. (See HABEAS CORPUS.) 

 The Democratic State Convention, which as- 

 sembled at Columbus, on June llth, nominated 

 him for Governor, and George E. Pugh for 

 Lieutenant-Governor. It also adopted a series 

 of resolutions, declaring in the preamble that the 

 Democratic party has ever been and still is a law- 

 abiding party, and asks nothing but its rights 

 under the Constitution and laws; it neither 

 resorts to nor countenances a violation of either ; 

 it claims all the guarantees of public and private 

 liberty, and the right to discuss public meas- 

 ures, and to propose and advocate that policy 

 which it deems best for the nation, and to 

 have its policy passed upon by the people at an 

 untrammelled election, &c. It then resolved 

 that the foundation of all free government is 

 the will of the people, to give effect to which, 

 free thought, free speech, and a free press are 

 absolutely indispensable ; that it is an inherent 

 and constitutional right of the people to discuss 



all measures of the Government, and to ap- 

 prove or disapprove of them ; that these are 

 their rights in time of war as well as of peace, 

 and that they will not surrender these rights 

 nor submit to their forcible violation ^ that 

 there is a manifest difference between the Ad- 

 ministration of the Government and the Gov- 

 ernment itself : the one consists of civil and polit- 

 ical institutions created under the Constitution, 

 the other consists of the agents of the people 

 subject to their approval or condemnation ; that 

 they protest against the emancipation procla- 

 mation as unwise, unconstitutional and void, 

 and are also opposed to compensation out of 

 the Federal Treasury ; that the powers recent- 

 ly assumed by the President under the guise of 

 military necessity, relative to martial law and 

 the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, are 

 unwarranted by the Constitution ; that they will 

 hail with pleasure and delight any manifesta- 

 tions of a desire to return to the Union by the 

 seceded States ; that the warmest thanks of the 

 nation are due to the soldiers ; that Ohio will 

 adhere to the Constitution and the Union as 

 the best, and it may be the last hope of hu- 

 man freedom; that they hail with pleasure 

 the manifestations of conservative sentiments 

 among the people of the Northern States ex- 

 hibited in the elections ; that a convention 

 should be held to amend the constitution as 

 soon as practicable, and that they will earnestly 

 support every Constitutional measure tending 

 to preserve the Union. They further resolved : 



That the arrest, imprisonment, pretended trial, and 

 actual banishment of Clement L. Vallandigham, a citi- 

 zen of the State of Ohio, not belonging to the land or 

 naval forces of the United States, nor to the militia in 

 active service, by alleged military authorities, for no 

 other pretended crime than that of uttering words of 

 legitimate criticism upon the conduct of the Adminis- 

 tration in power, and of appealing to the ballot box for 

 a change of policy (said arrest and military trial taking 

 place where the courts of law are open and unobstruct- 

 ed and,) for no act done within the sphere of active mil- 

 itary operations in carrying on the war, we regard as 

 a palpable violation of the following provisions of the 

 Constitution of the United States : 



1. " Congress shall make no law * * * abridg- 

 ing the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right 

 of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition 

 the Government for a redress of grievances. 



2. " The right of the people to be secure in their 

 persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreason- 

 able searches and seizures, shall riot be violated, and no 

 warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, support- 

 ed by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing 

 the place to be searched and the persons or things to 

 be seized. 



3. " No person shall be held to answer for a capital 

 or otherwise infamous crime, unless in a presentment 

 or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising 

 in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in 

 actual service in time of war or public danger. 



4. " In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall 

 enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an im- 

 partial jury of the State and district wherein the crime 

 shall have been committed, which district shall have 

 been previously ascertained by law." 



And we furthermore denounce said arrest, trial, nnd 

 banishment as a direct insult offered to the sovereignty 

 of the people of Ohio, by whose organic law it is de- 

 clared that " no person shall be transported out of the 

 State for any offence committed within the same." 



