SPAIN". 



STEAM. 



825 



to the village of Bluffton. The village was 

 captured, with but little opposition, and burn- 

 ed to the ground, only one building, a church, 

 being spared. 



On the 12th of June, General Hunter was re- 

 lieved from his command by order of the Pres- 

 ident, and General Q. A. Gillmore was appoint- 

 ed his successor. 



General Gillmore 's operations against Charles- 

 ton caused a feeling of anxiety among the peo- 

 ple of that city such as they never felt before. 

 The newspapers were filled with appeals to the 

 courage and local pride of the citizens. They 

 were called upon to welcome " destruction and 

 extermination " sooner than succumb to " Yan- 

 kee dominion and all its nameless enormities." 

 Gov. Bonham repeated the same sentiments 

 in his proclamation ordering non-combatants to 

 leave the city. The commission who had been 

 elected in 1862, to remove women, children, 

 and other non-combatants from the city, when- 

 ever, in their opinion, it should become neces- 

 sary, now proceeded to act. Free transporta- 

 tion and board, and lodging, at safe places out 

 of the city, were given to all persons who were 

 unable to pay. It is probable that the city was 

 (with but few exceptions) cleared of all women 

 and children before Gillmore commenced throw- 

 ing his shells into it. 



The disposition of the Federal negro troops 

 captured by the rebels on Morris and James 

 Islands, was a mystery which the rebel author- 

 ities did not take the trouble to clear up. It 

 was generally supposed that they had been hung 

 or sold into slavery. General Beauregard au- 

 thorized a statement, on the 12th of August in 

 the " Charleston Mercury," to the effect that 

 the Secretary of "War had ordered the negro 

 prisoners to be turned over to the State author- 

 ities by virtue of the joint resolution of Con- 

 gress. Governor Bonham had therefore been 

 notified that the negroes were held subject to 

 his orders. The governor had requested Gen- 

 eral Beauregard to retain them in military cus- 

 tody until he could make arrangements to dis- 

 pose of them. That was their situation on the 

 date above given, and of their fate nothing fur- 

 ther is definitely known. 



The proceedings of the Legislature during 

 the latter part of the year were chiefly confined 

 to the increase, equipment, and maintenance of 

 the military forces of the State ; and were de- 

 void of special interest. 



SPAIN, a kingdom in Southern Europe. 

 The present queen is Isabella II., who was 

 born 10th of October, 1830, and succeeded her 

 father, the late King Ferdinand VI., on 29th 

 of September, 1833, remaining under guardian- 

 ship until 8th of November, 1843, when she 

 was declared of age by the Cortes (Legisla- 

 ture). She was married 10th of October, 1846, 

 to Francis d'Assisi, her cousin german. Her 

 eldest son and heir to the throne is Alfons, 

 Prince of Asturias, who was born 28th of No- 

 vember, 1857. 



The difficulties between Spain and St. Do- 



mingo form the only topic we can notice in 

 this volume. 



In Feb., 1863, the people of the late repub- 

 lic of Santo Domingo, which in 1861 was sold 

 by its President Santana, to Spain, rose again 

 in insurrection for the recovery of their na- 

 tional independence. 'The movement showed 

 itself in particular in the two provinces of Ci- 

 bao and Santiago de los Caballeros. The chief 

 of the insurrection, Lucas de la Pena, had 

 counted upon the support of the Government 

 of Hayti ; but the latter refused to take part 

 in any hostile demonstrations, and the com- 

 mander of Fort Liberte, who had favorably re- 

 ceived a communication from the chief of the 

 insurgents, and replied to it, was promptly de- 

 posed. On February 26th, a body of from six 

 to seven hundred insurgents, under the com- 

 mand of Lucas de la Pena, presented them- 

 selves before the town of Guayabin, and cap- 

 tured the small garrison of twenty-four men. 

 Almost at the same time they occupied the 

 town of Savaneta. In Manga and Santiago 

 the attempts at making an insurrection were 

 unsuccessful. Savaneta was likewise soon 

 wrested from them again, and on March. 21st 

 the whole insurrection seemed to be suppress- 

 ed, and the captain-general proclaimed a gen- 

 eral amnesty, from which he only exempted 

 the leaders. Soon, however, the insurrection 

 broke out again on a larger scale than before. 

 Though the Spanish accounts and those re- 

 ceived from the neighboring Turks Island (the 

 latter were friendly to the cause of the insur- 

 gents) materially differed, there is no doubt 

 that the Spanish forces were defeated in sev- 

 eral engagements, and driven from Guayabin, 

 Savaneta, Moca, la Vega, and Macoris. Even 

 the city of Santiago, the largest city in the 

 north, was burned by the insurgents, and 

 the Spanish troops had to retire to the seaport 

 town, Puerto Plata. But even this place was 

 abandoned, on the ground that it was not 

 adapted for a base of extensive operations, and 

 Monte Christo, another seaport town near the 

 Haytian frontier, selected for that purpose. 

 The insurgents fought with the utmost bravery, 

 and it was only owing to the immense superi- 

 ority of the Spanish forces in numbers, that 

 they had gradually to yield. An offer was 

 made by the authorities at Santiago, to the 

 President of Hayti, to annex themselves to 

 Hayti ; but the offer was not accepted. An 

 appeal was made to all the republics of America 

 for assistance, but although much sympathy 

 was expressed for them, no material aid was 

 given ; and toward the close of the year, the 

 insurrection, although still holding out, had 

 been greatly reduced. 



STEAM. The controversy between Messrs. 

 Dickerson and Isherwood on the value of ex- 

 pansion in the cylinder of the steam engine, has 

 been brought prominently before the public by 

 a trial at Washington, in which Mr. Dickerson 

 appeared as attorney to establish the value of 

 the Sickles cut-off in the saving of fuel, and 



