828 



TELEGBAPH. 



TEXAS. 



TELEGRAPH. The construction of a tele- 

 graph around the earth made a considerable 

 progress during the year. Grants and privi- 

 leges were made by the Russian and British 

 Governments, which are highly favorable to 

 this object. Through an arrangement with Mr. 

 Perry McD. Collins, the Russian Government 

 undertakes to construct a line of telegraph 

 from St. Petersburg to the mouth of the Amoor 

 river, in Eastern Asia, a distance of about seven 

 thousand miles ; and it has already built the 

 line as far as Irrutsk, on Lake Baikal, nearly 

 three fourths of the distance. Mr. Collins and 

 his associates then take up the line at the mouth 

 of the Amoor river, and continue it by way of 

 Behring's strait, until it shall intersect at some 

 point between Chicago and the Pacific coast, 

 the present lines. The Russian Government 

 grants the exclusive privilege for 33 years for 

 the construction of this line through its territory 

 on the northwest coast. The British Govern- 

 ment has proceeded with great liberality rela- 

 tive to its territory, known as British Columbia. 

 Where the line crosses Behring's strait is about 

 66N. latitude. From the Russian line others will 

 soon stretch into India and China, and other 

 parts of Asia. A line from San Francisco already 

 extends some distance north on the Pacific coast. 



TENNESSEE. After the retreat of General 

 Bragg from Murfreesboro' in July, Western and 

 Middle Tennessee were entirely under the con- 

 trol of the Federal army. The advance of Gen. 

 Burnside into East Tennessee was followed by 

 a defeat of the Confederate force, and a reduc- 

 tion of their strength in that part of the State. 

 (See ARMY OPEBATIONS.) The subject of a 

 restoration of the State to the Union was con- 

 siderably discussed, and some conventions were 

 held, one of which assembled at Nashville on 

 the 1st of July. The military governor ex- 

 pressed a willingness to issue writs of election 

 whenever the people in a suitable manner 

 manifested their willingness and solicitude to 

 choose legislators and commence in good faith 

 the work of re-organization. The guerilla 

 system prevailed so extensively that it fur- 

 nished the greatest obstacle to this object. The 

 State was exempted from the operation of the 

 emancipation proclamation, and upon its re- 

 organization an effort will probably be made to 

 remove slavery. The views of Gov. Johnson 

 were thus expressed in a public speech made 

 in September: 



Tennessee is not out of the Union, never has been 

 and never will be out. The bonds of the Constitution 

 and, the Federal power will always prevent that. This 

 Government is perpetual ; provision is made for re- 

 forming the Government and amending the Constitu- 

 tion, and admitting States into the Union ; not for let- 

 tine them out of it. 



Where are we now? There is a rebellion ; this was 

 anticipated, as I said. The rebel army is driven back. 

 Here lies your State ; a sick man in his bed, emaciated 

 and exhausted, paralyzed in all his powers and unable 



to walk alone. The physician comes. Don't quarrel 

 about antecedents, but administer to his wants ; and 

 cure him as quickly as possible. The United States 

 sends an agent or a military governor, whichever you 

 please to call him, to aid you in restoring your govern- 

 ment. Whenever you desire, in good faith, to restore 

 civil authority, you can do so, and a proclamation for 

 an election will be issued as speedily as it is practicable 

 to hold one. One by one all the agencies of your State 

 government will be set in motion. A legislature will 

 be elected. Judges will be appointed temporarily, 

 until you can elect them at the polls ; and so of sheriffs, 

 county court judges, justices and other officers, until 

 the way is fairly open for the people, and all the parts 

 of civil government resume their ordinary functions. 

 This is no nice intricate metaphysical question. It is 

 a plain, common sense matter, and there is nothing in 

 the way but obstinacy. 



The provisional organization previously cre- 

 ated by the President continued throughout 

 the year, and on the 26th of January ensuing, 

 Governor Johnson issued his proclamation for 

 a State election. About twenty-five thousand 

 of the citizens of the State entered the Union 

 army, and several colored regiments were also 

 organized. The desolations of the State in 

 consequence of the war were without a paral- 

 lel, especially in East Tennessee. 



TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED 

 STATES. These are Arizona, Colorado, Da- 

 kota, Idaho, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, 

 Utah, and Washington. These vast districts 

 have attracted considerable attention during 

 the year, in consequence of the mineral wealth 

 of several of them. Large numbers of persons 

 have emigrated thither, and mining has been 

 commenced on an extensive scale. For the de- 

 tails of their area, population, and civil organ- 

 izations, the reader is referred to the ANNUAL 

 CYCLOPAEDIA, 1862. 



TEXAS. Gov. Lubbock of Texas, in his 

 message to the Legislature on the 3d of Febru- 

 ary said that the State had contributed 68,500 

 men to the Confederate armies, or 4,773 in ex- 

 cess of her highest popular vote. He then es- 

 timated the number of men remaining in the 

 State between the ages of 16 and 60, at only 

 27,000. In his message in November follow- 

 ing, he states that the number of soldiers fur- 

 nished by Texas had at that time reached the 

 aggregate of 90,000. According to this estimate 

 only 5,500 men were left between the ages of 

 16 and 60. In the latter message the governor 

 discussed the situation of the Confederacy and 

 the State at great length. With regard to the 

 loss of Vicksburg and Port Hudson he makes 

 the novel observation that those places cost the 

 North a great deal more than they -were worth, 

 and thinks that the Confederacy could afford 

 to fortify and lose several other places on the 

 same terms. He denounced the system of ex- 

 emptions and substitutes, and maintained that 

 every man in the State, including aliens, should 

 be forced into the army. He reported the 

 revenues for the year to August 31st, at $2,- 



