AXILIXE, OR COAL-TAR COLORS. 



27 



). A dye produced under circumstances some- 

 what similar to those giving the crimson : as described 

 by MM. Persoz. De Luynes, and Salvetat, it is form- 

 ed by heating in sealed tubes, for 30 hours, 9 parts 

 bichloride of tin with 1(5 parts aniline, to about 356 F. 

 It crystallizes from its alcoholic solution in fine 

 needles somewhat resembling the ammoniacal sul- 

 phate of copper. It is soluble in water, wood-spirit, 

 and acetic acid. This blue is very beautiful, and 

 several fine and durable tints of it appear now to be 

 produced at Lyons, if not elsewhere. 



(emtraldinf '}. A substance long 

 known in the laboratory, as forming on the outside 

 of vessels in the vicinity of aniline. It may be ob- 

 tained by oxidizing aniline with chloric acid, or a salt 

 of that body with perchloride of iron. Dried, it has 

 an olive-green color. It is soluble, and somewhat 

 changed, in sulphuric acid; insoluble in water, al- 

 cohol, ether, and benzole. It appears to be now suc- 

 cessfully used as a dye. 



Among dyes directly obtained from aniline, there 

 is said also' to be a Mack, and the writer has seen 

 Iroicm and scyrltts said to be derived from the same 

 material ; but of these no account has been met with. 

 'troio-plienyline (comp., C H.X : 0\ Obtained 

 by action of nascent hydrogen on an alcoholic solu- 

 tion of di-nitro-benzole. It gives crimson-colored 

 solutions, but not so brilliant as those of rosaniline. 



9. Di-nitraniline (C 5 H s y s 2 '). Obtained from di- 

 nitro-phenyle citra-conamide, by carbonate of soda. 

 Pure, it is'found in yellow tabular crystals. It can 

 be made to dye silk yellow. 



10. Nitro-phtnyline diamine. Obtained from the 

 last named, by sulphide of ammonium, in form of 

 red, acicular crystals, which give an orange solution 

 with water. It is capable of dyeing silk of a clear 

 golden color. 



11. Picric, or Di-nitro-pltfnic acid (C 12 H 3 y 3 I4 ). 

 A long-known product, obtainable by action of heat- 

 ed nitric acid on aniline, indigo, carbolic acid, sali- 

 cine, silk, aloes, and a number of other substances; 

 and which was first introduced as a dye about 1855, 

 by MM. Guinon, Mamas, and Bonney, silk dyers of 

 Lyons. It is prepared on the large scale from car- 

 bolic acid, and also from certain gum-resins. Pure 

 and dry, it is of a light primrose-yellow color, crys- 

 tallizing in shining laminae. Its taste is extremely 

 bitter. " It dissolves in water. Cheap and inferio'r 

 imitations of it are in the market. 



12. Sosolic acid (C 23 H 22 4 ). Obtained by Dr. H. 

 Muller from crude pnenate of lime. Pure, it is a dark, 

 amorphous mass, showing the greenish metallic lus- 

 tre of cantharides ; and in thin layer?, by transmitted 

 light, of a golden metallic color. It is said to be dis- 

 used since Ihe discovery of rosaniline. 



13. Cyanine (chinoline blue). Obtained from chino- 

 line, a constituent of the mixed product known as 

 quinoline or leucoline (from eoal-tar). A very deli- 

 cate, pure blue, but extremely fugitive, and not yet 

 successfully employed. Ac/;' -t, and green, 

 are similarly liable" to objection. 



14. Aadute. This is a very beautiful blue dve, in- 

 troduced during the year 1861 by Guinon, Marnas, 

 and Bonney. It is obtained from coal-tar, but from 

 which of its derivatives, or what the process, is as yet 

 kept secret. The dye is in amorphous masses, o'f a 

 coppery lustre. The color it gives, though not as fine 

 as that of chinoline blue, is far superior to the Prus- 

 sian blue. 



Naphthaline yields many colored derivatives, but 

 none which (at least up to 1861) have been turned to 

 account by the dyer. Among these are : 



15. ChwroxynaphthaUc, and PerchloroxynapJdTial'tc 

 acids. The salts of the former have beautifufyellow, 

 o-ange, and crimson colors ; those of the latter with 

 potash and ammonia, a very fine red or crimson. 



16. CarminapTitha. A fine red, obtained by Lau- 

 rent. 



17. NinapldTudamine. Obtained from di-nitro- 

 napbthaline, as a bright red crystalline mass, which 



is capable of dyeing silk of a color like that of 

 annoto. 



18. 2fitroso-napTithaline. A product of the action 

 of nitrous acid on naphthalamine. With much hv- 

 drochloric or sulphuric acid, it dyes silk a beautiful 

 violet, but which fades at once unless so much of the 

 acid be left as to rot the silk. 



19. NapTdhamein. This dyes silk or cotton of a 

 purple color, but very inferior. 



20. Tar Bed. Discovered by Mr. Clift, of Man- 

 chester, 1853. It is obtained by exposing for about 

 three weeks to the air a mixture of the more volatile 

 parts of basic oils of coal-tar and hypochlorite of lime. 

 \Vith different mordants it yields different colors. 



The irregularity -which as yet prevails in the 

 naming and classification of the coal-tar colors, 

 is illustrated in the sets of samples of colors 

 produced that are furnished to dealers. The 

 manufacturing firm in Lyons, known as La, 

 Fuchsine Societe, and advertising a capital of 

 $4. ^00,000, furnishes to importers in Xew York 

 samples bearing the following names : fucha- 

 ine, lieu de lumiere (very light), lieu de Lyon 

 (in three shades, darker and darker, marked T, 

 R. and E light, reddish, and deep), violet 

 ffofmann (two shades, R and B reddish and 

 bluish), violet (R and B), and dahlia imperial, 

 a fine reddish violet. Other sets of specimens 

 vary again more or less from these. Simpson, 

 Maule and Nicholson furnish, to illustrate Dr. 

 Phipson's paper on the subject, opal 2>lu&, 

 chrysaniline, rosaniline, Hofmann's patent 

 violet, regina purple, and imperial violet. 

 ("Popular Science Review," July, 1863.) Hof- 

 mann's violet is a very brilliant and fine red- 

 dish violet, though the shades produced by 

 different makers difier somewhat ; and the dye 

 is now one of the most expensive. It is said to 

 be also called primula, Alexandria violet, and 

 imperial purple. The so-called (imported) 

 Humloldt purple, if not identical with this, is 

 at least quite similar to it. 



Aniline colors are now manufactured in this 

 country, from imported aniline, by the "Holli- 

 day Chemical and Color Co.," of Brooklyn 

 (Eastern District), X. Y. Of the magenta or 

 crimson dye they produce three hues, which 

 they term the Empire red (the dye soluble- in 

 cold water), the Keystone (bluish), and the 

 Bay State (reddish) ; of the violet, three hues, 

 the Manhattan (reddish), the Knickerbocker 

 (bluish), and the Humloldt (bluish, more 

 deep); and of the Hue, two hues, the Union 

 (reddish, or deep), and the Washington, (green- 

 ish, or "night" shade). Most of these the 

 company's agents hold at this time at s9, in 

 gold. It would appear, also, that some of the 

 aniline and other coal-tar colors have been 

 already produced in this country from prod- 

 ucts separated from petroleum especially 

 from the naphtha and the residuum. It is 

 stated that the " Humboldt Petroleum Co.," of 

 Xew York, have works for this manufacture 

 now in process of erection, at Plummer, on 

 Cherry Run, Venango Co., Pa. It has been 

 stated to the writer that the company have 

 already produced from petroleum several snpe- 

 rior dyes, and a very important point, if con- 



