APPLETON, JOHN. 



ARKANSAS. 



29 



Jvreuser, of Stuttgard, has lately stated that 

 the workmen in the aniline factories are sub- 

 ject to intense bronchitis, with violent, dry, 

 and spasmodic congh, and accompanied with 

 the appearance of nlcers covered with blackish 

 crusts, especially on the lower extremities. 

 The cases were easily cured upon removal of 

 the patients from the aniline vapors ; and by 

 proper attention to clothing, cleanliness, and 

 the ventilation of the factories, the difficulties 

 mentioned could usually be prevented. 



The reader may further consult a " Treatise 

 on the Coloring Matters derived from Coal- 

 tar,' 1 ' 1 &c., by Prof. H. Dussauce, Ph'ila., 1863, 

 a source from which some of the statements 

 given in this article are drawn. 



APPLETOX, JOHN, an American statesman 

 and diplomatist, born in Beverly, Mass., Feb. 

 11, 1815 ; died at Portland, Maine, Aug. 22, 

 1864; graduated from Bowdoin College, Bruns- 

 wick, Me., in 1834; commenced the study of 

 law, and was admitted to the bar of Maine, in 

 In 1838 he became editor of the 

 'Eastern Argus" in Portland, and continued 

 in that position for- several years. He also 

 acted for some time as Register of Probate for 

 the County of Cumberland during a part of 

 this time. In 1843 he became Chief Clerk in 

 the Xavy Department, and subsequently, Chief 

 Clerk of the State Department. In 1848 he 

 was appointed Charge d? Affaires of the United 

 States to Bolivia. Soon after the inauguration 

 of Gen. Taylor in 1849 he was superseded in 

 this office and returned to Portland, and entered 

 upon the practice of law in partnership with 

 the Hon. Xathan Clifford, now one of the 

 Justices of the IT. S. Supreme Court. He 

 was elected to the 32d Congress from the 

 Portland district, and in 1855 was Secretary 

 of Legation to Mr. Buchanan at the Court of 

 St. James. During Mr. Buchanan's presidency 

 he was assistant Secretary of State. His health 

 failing, he resigned his position and returned to 

 Portland, where he had suffered from a linger- 

 ing and distressing illness up to the day of 

 his death. 



ARKANSAS. The organized rebel force in 

 Arkansas and its vicinity, at the commencement 

 of 1864, was large. . It was at several points 

 as follows : Princeton, 800 ; Tulip, 400 ; Rock- 

 port, 4,000; Washington and vicinity, 3,000; 

 Camden, 1,200 ; its vicinity, 4,000 ; near Lake 

 Providence, in Louisiana, 300; on the Red 

 River, 8,000 total, 21, TOO. On the retreat of 

 Gen. Banks from the Red River country, this 

 force concentrated against Gen. Steele, and put 

 him on the defensive at Little Rock. The 

 positions within the State held by Federal 

 troops were gradually surrendered, until only 

 Little Rock, Pine and Duvall's Bluffs, Fort 

 Smith and Van Buren, were retained. Before 

 the close of the year, Van Buren, and one or 

 two others, were evacuated. The limited Fed- 

 eral force in the State compared with the 

 strength of the enemy, offered an opportunity 

 for the invasion of Missouri by Gen. Price. 



"With the exception of the military posts, the 

 State became as completely under rebel control 

 as when occupied by a Confederate army. It 

 was unsafe to go outside of any posts, and even 

 at Little Rock, in the presence of a large army, 

 guerrillas lurked in undesirable proximity. 

 The communications between the posts were 

 dangerous and liable to interruption. Heavy 

 details were required for escort duty, and men 

 and horses were worn out in the unprofitable 

 service. As the military occupation was not 

 sufficiently strong to afford security to the 

 inhabitants, the Unionists became scarce, and 

 gradually lost their energy and hope. 



At the beginning of the year a Union State 

 Government was organized. The movement 

 was based on the amnesty proclamation of 

 President Lincoln, issued December 8th, 1863. 

 Under this authority a Convention to revise the 

 State Constitution assembled on January 8th. 

 Representatives were reported to bo present 

 from forty-two out of fifty-four counties. In 

 fifteen counties they had been elected at the 

 ordinary precincts, without the presence of a 

 soldier. The election was called by mass meet- 

 ings. The Constitution amended by the Con- 

 vention, forever prohibited the existence of 

 slavery in the State. Isaac Murphey was ap- 

 pointed Provisional Governor; C. C. Bliss, 

 Lieut.-Governor ; and R. J. T. White, Secretary 

 of State. These officers were inaugurated on 

 January 22d. The Convention ordered the 

 Constitution to be submitted to a vote of the 

 people on March 14th, and State officers to ba 

 chosen at the same time. 



These proceedings were somewhat in conflict 

 with the order prescribed by President Lin- 

 coln. This was settled by the following letter 

 and address : 



"WASHINGTON. February 13, 1=61 

 To William FieTAaek : 



When I fixed a plan* for an election in Arkansas 

 I did it in ignorance that your Convention was at the 

 same work. Since I learned the latter fact I have 

 been constantly trying to yield my plan to theirs. I 

 have sent two fetters to Gen. Steele and three or fonr 

 despatches to you and others, saying that he (Gen. 

 Steele) must be master, but that it will probably be 

 best for him to keep the Convention on its own plan. 

 Some single mind must be master, else there will be 

 no agreement on any thing ; and Gen. Steele, com- 

 manding the military and being on the ground, 

 is the best man to be that master. Even now citizens 

 are telegraphing me to postpone the election to a 

 later day than either affixed by the Convention or 

 me. This discord must be silenced. 



A. LINCOLN. 



HEADQUAKTEES LITTLE BOCK, February 23. 1=04. 

 To the Peopfe of Arkan-sas : 



It affords the General Commanding the highest 

 gratification to be able to say that by the conduct of 

 the army under his command, in connection with 

 the wise administration of the Government by its 

 officers at Washington, peace has been so far restored 

 in your midst as to enable you to institute proceed- 

 ings for the restoration of the civil government, by 

 which order may be firmly established, and the 

 rights of persons and property secured against vio- 

 lence and the danger of anarchy. The Convention 

 of your citizens, held at Little Rock during the last 



* Annual Cyclopaedia, 1S6S, p. 16. 



