38 



ARMY, UNITED STATES. 



usual with troops engaged in arduous cam- 

 paigns. At the close of the year the number 

 of sick and wounded, both with their com- 

 mands and in general hospitals, was less than 

 16 per cent, of the strength of the army. The 

 number sick with their respective commands 

 was 4 per cent., and in general hospitals 5 and 

 f l( per cent, of the strength. Of the 6 and ^ 

 per cent, wounded, nearly 1 per cent, were 

 with their respective commands; the rest in 

 general hospitals. By an act approved March 

 llth, 1864, a uniform system of ambulances 

 was established, which in operation has proved 

 very successful. The corps is made up of of- 

 ficers and enlisted men, detailed for the service, 

 under the control of the chief medical direc- 

 tors of the several armies. A captain com- 

 mands the ambulances of an army corps ; a first 

 lieutenant those of each division of such corps ; 

 a second lieutenant those of each brigade of 

 such division, and a sergeant those of each 

 regiment. To each ambulance- three privates 

 are attached, and to each wagon one. From 

 three to one ambulances are attached to each 

 regiment, according to its numerical strength. 

 The ambulance corps is uniformed and thor- 

 oughly instructed in the most expeditious 

 manner of removing sick and wounded men, and 

 has the sole charge of accompanying them to 

 the rear, in action or on the march. The latter 

 provision has greatly increased the efficiency 

 of troops in battle, by preventing the confusion 

 previously caused by men indiscriminately con- 

 veying wounded comrades from the field. 



By an act passed in 1864 the pay of privates 

 in infantry, cavalry, and artillery organizations 

 was increased to $16 per month, and that of 

 petty officers in proportion, the rations remaining 

 the same. The Secretary of "War reported the 

 whole army as paid up to Aug. 31st, 1864. 

 Medals of honor were awarded during the year 

 in many cases to deserving non-commissioned 

 officers and privates. By another act officers 

 employing soldiers as servants are subjected 

 to a reduction of pay. This provision was in- 

 tended to prevent the withdrawal of troops 

 from active duty for menial purposes, which 

 has proved injurious to the service. In cases 

 where civilians are employed by those who are 

 allowed servants, the law does not apply. 



The Provost Marshal General reported the 

 Veteran Eeserve corps (formerly the Invalid 

 corps) as consisting, October 1, 1864, of 764 

 officers and 28,738 men ; its discipline and 

 instruction good ; and that the entire corps is 

 doing duty which would otherwise have to be 

 performed by an equal number of able-bodied 

 troops detached from the armies in the field ; 

 and that it is yet inadequate in numbers to fill 

 the demands made on it. It has rendered valu- 

 able service in guarding the depots of volun- 

 teers, substitutes, and drafted men, and in escort- 

 ing detachments to their regiments ; and during 

 the summer campaign of the Army of the Po- 

 tomac its operations were extended almost to 

 the front. 



At the close of 1864 only five revolutionary 

 pensioners were surviving, to whom the 38th 

 Congress, at its second session, voted a gratuity 

 of $300 a year, in addition to their regular 

 pension of $100. The number of army pen- 

 sioners (other than Eevolutionary) who were 

 paid during the fourteen months ending the 

 30th of June, 1864, was 22,767; of widows 

 (other than Eevolutionary), orphans, and de- 

 pendent mothers, 25,433 ; and the total num- 

 ber, including Revolutionary pensioners and 

 widows of Eevolutionary pensioners, who re- 

 ceived pensions during that period, was 49,630, 

 to whom was paid the sum of $4,340,368.60. 

 Of this amount more than $3,500,000 were on 

 account of disability or death incurred during 

 the existing war. 



The supplies of ordnance produced during 

 the year included 1,750 pieces of ordnance, 

 2,361 artillery carriages and caissons, 802,525 

 small arms, 794,055 sets of accoutrements and 

 harness, 1,674,244 projectiles for cannon, 12,- 

 740,146 pounds of bullets and lead, 8,409,400 

 pounds of gunpowder, 169,490,029 cartridges 

 for small-arms, in addition to large quantities 

 partially made up at the arsenals. The sup- 

 plies furnished to the military service during 

 the same period included 1,141 pieces of 

 ordnance, 1,896 artillery carriages and caissons, 

 455,910 small-arms, 502,044 sets of accoutre- 

 ments and harness, 1,913,753 projectiles for 

 cannon, 7,624,685 pounds of bullets and lead, 

 464,549 rounds of artillery ammunition, 152,067 

 sets of horse equipments, 112,087,553 cartridges 

 for small-arms, 7,544,044 pounds of gunpowder. 

 The national armory at Springfield, Mass., was 

 reported in a condition to turn out 300,000 of 

 the best quality of rifle muskets annually. The 

 stock on hand, at the close of the year, amount- 

 ed to a million and a quarter, exclusive of the 

 arms in the hands of the troops. 



At the close of 1864 the military geograph- 

 ical departments were in charge of the follow- 

 ing generals : 



Department of the Tennessee Maj.-Gen. 0. O. Howard, 

 of the Cumberland Maj.-Gen. George H. Thomas, 

 of the Ohio Maj.-Gen. John M. Schofleld. 

 of the East Maj.-Gen. John A. Dix. 

 of the Gulf Maj.-Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbut 

 of North Carolina and Virginia Maj.-Gen. B. F. Butler, 

 of the Northwest Maj.-Gen. John Pope, 

 of Washington Maj.-Gen. Christopher C. Augur, 

 of Pennsylvania Maj.-Gen. George Cadwallader. 

 of Western Virginia Maj.-Gen. George Crook, 

 of New Mexico Brig.-Gen. James H. Carleton. 

 of the Pacific Maj.-Gen. Irwin McDowell, 

 of Kansas Maj.-Gen. Samuel B. Curtis. 

 of the Middle Department Maj.-Gen. Lewis Wallace, 

 of the South Maj.-Gen. John G. Foster, 

 of Missouri Maj.-Gen. Grenville M. Dodge, 

 of Arkansas Maj.-Gen. Joseph J. Reynolds, 

 of the North Maj.-Gen. Joseph Hooker, 

 of the Mississippi Maj.-Gen. Napoleon J. T. Dana. 



The departments of the Tennessee, the Cum- 

 berland, and the Ohio, form the military divi- 

 sion of the Mississippi, of which Maj.-Gen. Wil- 

 liam T. Sherman assumed command in the early 

 part of the year ; and in May the department* 

 lying west of the Mississippi were formed intc 

 the military division of West Mississippi, undei 

 the command of Maj.-Gen. E. E. S. Canby. 



