128 



ARMY OPERATIONS. 



seventy prisoners of war, including twenty commis- 

 sioned officers. My loss in captured will not exceed 

 one hundred and sixty. They were principally from 

 the 5th Michigan cavalry. This regiment gallantly 

 charged down the Gordons ville road, capturing fifteen 

 hundred horses and about eight hundred men ; but 

 were finally surrounded and had to give them up. 

 When the enemy broke they hurried between Gen. 

 Ouster's command and Col. Gregg's brigade, captur- 

 ing five caissons of Penningtoir s battery, three of 

 which were afterwards recaptured, leaving in their 

 hands two caissons. 



The contest at Trevilian was reported by 

 Gen. Lee to be a rebel victory. 



The retirement of Gen. Hunter to West Vir- 

 ginia, with his army in such condition as to 

 need rest and reorganization, left the Shenan- 

 doah valley open to the unresisted occupation 

 of the enemy. At the same time the state of 

 affairs at Petersburg permitted Gen. Lee to 

 detach a force for the invasion of Maryland, 

 and perhaps cause troops to be recalled from 

 Gen. Grant for the defence of Washington. 

 Rumors of the advance of the enemy down the 

 Shenandoah valley preceded their appearance 

 by some days. On Saturday, July 2d, they 

 first reached the region of Martinsburg. On 

 the news of their approach, Gen. Sigel deter- 

 mined to evacuate Martinsburg and a part of 

 the stores were removed, including nearly all 

 the rolling stock of the railroad company, and 

 heavy trains loaded with supplies for Gen. 

 Hunter. A quantity of valuable stores, how- 

 ever, were lost. The enemy first appeared at 

 North Mountain, eight miles north of Martins- 

 burg, which compelled Gen. Sigel to fall back 

 to Harper's Ferry. On Saturday, July 3d, he 

 was attacked at Leetown, and quickly driven 

 from his position, and moved to the strong 

 position of Maryland Heights, which he held. 

 The main line of the enemy's advance was by 

 way of Martinsburg and North Mountain, 

 across the Potomac to Hagerstown. A panic 

 spread over the region, and the inhabitants fled 

 with such property as they could hastily seize 

 and remove. At Fredrick, Md., on the 5th, all 

 the Government stores were loaded on railroad 

 trains, and preparations made for an immedi- 

 ate evacuation of the city. On the same day 

 Hagerstown was occupied and the stores plun- 

 dered, and a requisition made on the inhabitants 

 for $20,000. This money was paid and the 

 raiding party left. The Baltimore and Ohio 

 Railroad was held by the enemy as far down as 

 Sandy Hook, and much of the track torn up. 

 The following were the orders of the command- 

 ing officer of the enemy to his force : 



HEADQUARTERS CAVALRY DIVISION, ) 

 VALLEY DISTRICT, June 28, 1864. ( 



The following directions for the march of this com- 

 mand will hereafter be strictly observed : 



Before the march begins on each morning the rolls 

 of each company will be called after mounting, and 

 the adjutant of each regiment will keep a list of the 

 names of all deserters. 



Before dismounting at camp in the evening the 

 rolls will again be called, and the brigade command- 

 ers will report to these headquarters the number of 

 men absent at each roll call. 



The habitual order of the march will be in column 



of "fours," but on narrow roads by "twos." The 

 distance between the head of one brigade and the 

 rear of the other will be two hundred yards. When 

 artillery and ambulances accompany the brigades, 

 those _ assigned to each brigade will follow immedi- 

 ately in rear of their brigades. During the march the 

 brigades in rear will regulate their movements by 

 those in front. 



Regular halts will be made during the march, and 

 neither officers nor men will leave the column, except 

 at such halts, unless by the written consent of the 

 brigade commander, and such permission will not be 

 granted unless for important reasons. 



Brigade, regimental, and company commanders will 

 pass frequently from front to rear of their respective 

 commands, to see that the column is at all times well 

 closed up. Brigades will alternate in the march daily. 

 A rear guard will be placed behind each brigade, and 

 no person, except staff officers or couriers, will be 

 permitted to fall behind such guard. 



All the wagons of this division will march together 

 under direction of the division quartermaster. 



The quartermasters of the command will constantly 

 accompany their respective trains. One man, dis- 

 mounted when practicable, will go with each wagon 

 to assist the driver. He will remain with the wagon. 

 No other parties will be permitted with the train, ex- 

 cept when a guard shall be necessary. The quarter- 

 masters will be held responsible that no others ac- 

 company the wagons. No other wagons or convey- 

 ances than those allowed from army headquarters 

 will be allowed. 



Upon reaching camp, officers and men must remain 

 in their camps, and commanders will establish proper 

 camp guards. 



Immediately upon fixing the headquarters of the 

 brigade the commanders will report their locality to 

 division headquarters. 



The utmost order and perfect quiet will be pre- 

 served upon the march and in camp. The silly prac- 

 tice of whooping and hallooing is strictly forbidden. 



Destruction of the fences and crops of the farmers 

 is positively prohibited, and such outrages will be 

 paid for from the pay of the officers of the command 

 nearest where such depredations may be committed. 



Greatest care must be taken of ammunition. Not 

 a cartridge must be fired unnecessarily. An impor- 

 tant campaign is commenced, and upon its results 

 depend more than we can estimate. 



The Major-General commanding asks and expects 

 from every man of his command a hearty and cheer- 

 ful compliance with orders, assuring all that they 

 shall reap and enjoy the full fruits of whatever their 

 labors and privations may obtain. 



By command of Maj.-Gen. RANSOM. 



WALTER K.MARTIN, Asst.-Adjt.-Gen. 



Brig.-Gen. NED MCCAUSLAND, com'dg brigade. 



N. FITZHUGH, Asst.-Adjt.-Gen. 



On the same day the President issued a call 

 for twelve thousand militia from Pennsylvania, 

 twelve thousand from New York, five thou- 

 sand from Massachusetts, and the various Gov- 

 ernors issued proclamations calling out the 

 troops, and the militia began to assemble. 



On Wednesday there was some skirmishing 

 with a few of the enemy's cavalry, between 

 Hagerstown and Frederick. The Federal force 

 from Hagerstown fell back toward Chambers- 

 burg. At various points along the Potomac 

 and north there was some skirmishing. 



On Thursday, a reconnoitring force sent out 

 by Gen. Wallace from Monocacy, was quickly 

 repulsed by the enemy. Boonsboro' and Mid- 

 dletown were occupied by them, and they ad- 

 vanced within a few miles of Frederick, and 

 threw some shots into the city. Before morn- 



