CALIFORNIA. 



CAMPBELL, JOHN 



173 





numbers, 1, 3, and 2 ; and from these data we 

 can compute the squares of all numbers up to 

 30,000,000. In the same manner, by giving 

 the machine the numbers 1, 7, 6, 6, we can pro- 

 duce a table of cubes, the limit being 15 figures. 

 The same principles apply in the computation 

 of logarithms, or any series of numbers what- 

 ever. 



CALIFORNIA, the oldest of the Pacific 

 States, first settled in 1769, ceded to the United 

 States by Mexico in March, 1848, and admit- 

 ted into the Union in 1850. Its capital is 

 Sacramento, and its area formerly stated as 

 188,982 square miles, is now ascertained by 

 surveys to be only 158,687 square miles. Its 

 population in 1860, as stated by the corrected 

 census, was 365,439, and its estimated popula- 

 tion in 1864 was 460,000, of whom not far 

 from 40,000 are Chinese, Mexicans, and In- 

 dians. 



The Governor till December, 1867, is Fred- 

 erick F. Low, of Tuba, Republican, who receives 

 a salary of $7,000 in gold. The Governor, Lieut. - 

 Governor, Secretary of State, Comptroller, 

 Treasurer, Attorney-General, Surveyor-Gen- 

 eral, and Superintendent of Public Instruction, 

 are all elected for four years. 



There was no State or judicial election in 

 California in 1864, but at the election for Pres- 

 ident, November 8th, .1864, members of Con- 

 gress were also chosen. The vote for President 

 was: for Abraham Lincoln, 58,698; for George 

 B. McClellan, 42,255. Lincoln's majority 16,- 

 443. The members of Congress elected were : 

 1st District, Donald C. McRuer ; 2d, William 

 Higby; 3d, John Bidwell. They were all 

 Union Republicans. 



The Legislature, in 1864, constituted three 

 new counties, Alpine, county seat Silver 

 Mountain ; Coso, county seat ; and Las- 

 sen, county seat Susanville. There are now 

 49 counties. 



In a recent message on the finances of the 

 State, Gov. Low estimates the total debt of the 

 State, on the 1st of January, 1864, at $5,365,- 

 640.71, but does not, for some reason, include, 

 in the aggregate, the debt on the Indian war 

 bonds and the donation to the Pacific Railroad. 

 Adding these, the whole debt is $6,084,509.25. 



The receipts of treasure at San Francisco 

 from the interior, for the first six months of 

 1864, were $26,393,427 ; the export of treasure 

 for the same period, from that port, were $28,- 

 993,711.27, and for the year over $66,000,000. 

 The number of periodicals and newspapers 

 published in the State, in 1864, was 113, of 

 which 21 were daily papers, 83 weekly or oft- 

 ener, 7 monthly or semi-monthly, and 2 an- 

 nual. In December, 1864, the first number of 

 a monthly magazine of high character was 

 issued in New York and San Francisco, called 

 " The Pacific Monthly." Though edited, print- 

 ed, and published in New York, its editors and 

 publishers are Californians, and the aim of the 

 magazine is to foster literature, art, and science 

 on the Pacific slope. 



The agricultural progress of California, espe- 

 cially in the directions of grape culture and 

 wool growing, are treated under the head of 

 AGBicrLTrEE. The State has developed its 

 mining resources considerably during the year 

 1864, the tailings or refuse from the washings 

 of the gold having been worked with great ad- 

 vantage by new processes. Late in the year 

 its extensive deposits of asphaltum and petro- 

 leum in Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, and 

 Buena Vista Counties attracted much attention, 

 and companies with large capital were formed 

 for working them. It is thought that the 

 State will prove as rich in these as in other 

 mineral products. The Pacific Railroad, Cali- 

 fornia division, is under contract to Virginia 

 City, Nevada, and will be completed during 

 the present year. 



The assessable property of the State, from 

 the returns of 1862, the latest yet published, 

 was. in real estate and improvements, $80,735,- 

 855.35 ; personal property, $72,647,666.01 ; 

 total, including mining claims, $160,399,071.81. 

 The returns of 1864 will doubtless show a ma- 

 terial increase. The number of acres of im- 

 proved lands in 1862. was 6,950,852. 



CAMPBELL, Rev.' JOHX N., D. D., an Amer- 

 ican Presbyterian clergyman and scholar, born 

 in Philadelphia, March 4, 1798, died in Albany, 

 N. Y., March 27, 1864. He was a pupil for a 

 number of years of James Ross, a celebrated 

 teacher of Philadelphia, and at an early age 

 entered the University of Pennsylvania, but 

 for some reason did not complete his collegiate 

 course. At about the age of 16 or 17 he com- 

 menced a course of theological study with 

 Rev. Ezra Stiles, D. D., and after some tune 

 went to Virginia, where he continued his theo- 

 logical course, being for some months also con- 

 nected with Hampden Sydney College as teach- 

 er of languages. In May, 1817, when but 19 

 years of age he was licensed to preach by the 

 Presbytery of Hanover, Va. In 1820 he was 

 chosen chaplain to Congress; and filled the 

 position with ability and acceptance. After the 

 close of the session he returned to Virginia, 

 and for the next two years preached as a stated 

 supply in Petersburg, Va., and Newbern, N. 

 C'.. and perhaps some other places. In 1823 he 

 became the assistant of Rev. Dr. Balch of 

 Georgetown, D. C., and about the beginning of 

 1825 accepted a call to the pastorate of the 

 New York Avenue Presbyterian Church, in 

 "Washington, D. C., where his remarkable elo- 

 quence and ability soon gathered a very large 

 congregation. He remained in this pastorate 

 for six years, being at the same time one of the 

 most active managers of the American Coloni- 

 zation Society. In 1831, Chief Justice Spencer, 

 a member of the congregation of the First 

 Presbyterian Church in Albany, being then in 

 Congress, and an attendant on Mr. Campbell's 

 preaching, resolved to secure him as pastor of 

 the Albany Church, then without a minister. 

 The call to Albany was made and accepted in 

 September, 1831, and Mr. Campbell remained 



