EXFANTIX, BARTHELEMY P. 



367 



sailed for Europe, and spent about nine months 

 in Italy. Returning to New Orleans, con- 

 valescent, he was chosen to the Professorship 

 of the Greek and Latin Languages in the Uni- 

 versity of Louisiana, a position for which he was 

 admirably adapted from his high classical at- 

 tainments and his fondness for teaching. Three 

 years later he became pastor of the Coliseum 

 Place Baptist Church in New Orleans, and con- 

 tinued in that relation for six years though 

 twice compelled to spend some months in Texas 

 for the improvement of his health. Amid his 

 other duties, Dr. Duncan (he received the de- 

 gree of D. D. .from his Alma Mater in 1857) 

 found time to write several books of decided 

 merit and scholarly research ; the principal of 

 them were, " The Life of John the Baptist," 

 based on a monograph of Von Rohden of 

 Lubeck, (X. Y. 1853) ; " The Pulpit Gift Book," 

 a collection of sermons preached at the Coliseum 

 Place Church (X. Y. 1855) ; " The History of 

 the Baptists for the First two Centuries of the 



Christian Era," (N. Y. 1857), and " The Tears 

 of Jesus " (N. Y. 1859). The last-named work 

 is one of remarkable genius and eloquence. In 

 the summer of 1861 his loyalty to the national 

 government alienated the feelings of his people 

 from him, and he was compelled to leave New 

 Orleans and come to the North, his family 

 being unable to accompany him. In the sum- 

 mer of 1862, after the occupation of the city 

 by the Union forces, he returned, and engaged 

 in secular duties endeavoring to the utmost of 

 his ability to promote a return to the Union on 

 the part of the citizens of Louisiana. Though 

 already suffering from the fatal malady, con- 

 sumption, which eventually destroyed his life, 

 he was active both with pen and voice, by pub- 

 lic orations, patriotic odes (he possessed fine 

 poetic abilities), and newspaper essays in his 

 efforts to lead his fellow-citizens to renew their 

 fealty to the Federal Government. These earn- 

 est labors in which he persisted so long as his 

 failing strength would permit, were not in vain. 



E 



ENFANTIX, BAETHELEMT PROSPER, a French 

 Bocial theorist, and the successor of St. Simon in 

 the leadership of the St. Simonians, born in 

 Paris, Feb. 8, 1796, died in that city of apoplexy, 

 Sept. 1, 1864. He was the son of a banker, 

 and became a student in the Polytechnic school 

 in 1813. In March, 1814, he, with his fellow 

 students, was dismissed for having fired on the 

 allied troops at Montmartre. Being thus com- 

 pelled to abandon the profession of arms, he 

 became travelling clerk for a wine merchant at 

 Romans, till 1821, when he entered a banking 

 house in St. Petersburg, where he remained two 

 years. In 1823 he returned to Paris, and 

 obtained employment as cashier of a mercantile 

 firm, at the same time joining the Carbonari, a 

 secret revolutionary association extending over 

 nearly the whole of Europe. In 1825 he made 

 the acquaintance of Olinde Rodriguez, one of 

 two brothers of Jewish extraction, who had be- 

 come followers of St. Simon. Through Rodri- 

 guez, Enfantin was introduced to St. Simon, 

 and soon became a convert to his doctrines, and 

 an active promoter of them. The cardinal doc- 

 trine of St. Simon in relation to property was 

 stated in his formula : " All social, political, and 

 religious institutions should have henceforth 

 as their direct end the amelioration of the 

 moral, physical, and intellectual condition of 

 the poorest and most numerous class," a senti- 

 ment, perhaps, better expressed in our own 

 formula of " the greatest good of the greatest 

 number." On the death of St. Simon, May 19, 

 1825, Rodriguez and Enfantiu, who aspired to 

 the leadership of the community of St. Simon- 

 ians, commenced the publication of a journal 

 advocating social and political reforms, called 

 Le Producteur, and Enfantin soon began to 



broach in it new doctrines, both social and 

 religious, which displeased many of those who 

 at first supported it, and it was abandoned near 

 the close of 1826. Enfantin continued, how- 

 ever, to make his views public by lectures and 

 public meetings in the Rue Taranne. He soon 

 gathered among his followers many of the 

 young but gifted men of the time, among them 

 Bazard and the brothers Rodriguez, who, in- 

 deed, had been followers of St. Simon before 

 he had embraced his doctrines, Duveyrier, Bu- 

 chez, Blanqui, Halevy, Artaud, Pereire (now 

 the banker of the Credit Mobile), Laurent de 

 L'Ardeche, Carnot, Augustus Comte, Michel 

 Chevalier, Jean Regnaud, Pierre Leroux, Des- 

 moulins, Seguin, &c., a list which embraces al- 

 most every man of mark of the present empire. 

 Having enlisted these enthusiastic and gifted 

 young men in his schemes, Enfantin soon be- 

 gan to put forth new and bolder propositions. 

 M the period of the Revolution of July 1830, 

 he issued a proclamation, demanding, among 

 other things, the community of property, the 

 formal abolition of the right of inheriting, and 

 the liberation of women from their social, intel- 

 lectual, and moral disabilities. He now gave 

 up his cashiership, established central points of 

 propagandisrn of his doctrines in the principal 

 cities of France, and organized a system of 

 preaching in Paris. He also secured the ser- 

 vices of the " Globe " newspaper, of which Pierre 

 Leroux, Guizot, Remusat, and others were the 

 principal contributors, and Michel Chevalier 

 the editor, and distributed a large number of 

 copies gratuitously. The modest quarters in 

 the Rue Taranne were abandoned for spacious 

 halls in the Rue Taribout, on the Boulevard 

 Italien, and the wealthy followers of Enfantin 



