FINANCES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



FLIEDNEE, THEODORE. 377 



lodge with the Comptroller of the Treasury 

 for circulation, without purchasing any more. 

 The old banks of New York City showed, at 

 the end of the year, a decline in their circula- 

 tion of $2,646,397; in specie, $4,298,167. The 

 increase in loans was nearly $30,000,000, caused 

 by the Government loans taken during Decem- 

 ber. 



The old banks of Philadelphia and Boston 

 showed a decrease in specie at the end of the 

 year as follows : 



Philadelphia. Boston. 



January 4 $4.153,585 $7,5- II 



December 12. 1,933,502 3,353,121 



Decrease *2,175,OS3 $4,150,763 



The value of gold and bankers' sterling, as 

 compared with legal tender notes at different 

 periods during the year, has been as follows : 



Sterling. 



The total value of the bullion deposited at 

 the mint and branches during the fiscal year 

 1864, was $24,920,808.47, of which $23,986,- 

 989.92 was in gold, and $933,818.55 in silver. 

 Deducting the redeposits, there remain the 

 actual deposits, amounting to $24,012,741.49. 

 The coinage for the year was, in gold coin 



$21,649,345.00; gold bars, $2,333,403.31; sil- 

 ver coin, $548,214.10 ; silver bars, $301,872.89; 

 cents, $463,800.00; total coinage, $25,296,- 

 635.30. The number of pieces of all denomina- 

 tions coined was 46,983,396. Of this coinage 

 $3,560,436.30, in 45,114,276 pieces, was at 

 Philadelphia; $19,536,809.02, in 1,869,120 

 pieces, at San Francisco; and $1,876,377.04, 

 in gold and silver bars, at New York. 



The advance in the price of nickel made the 

 expense of coining the nickel cent greatly ex- 

 ceed its value. Congress, therefore, provided 

 for the coinage of new cent pieces, and also 

 two-cent pieces. The standard weight of the 

 new cent is forty-eight grains, or one-tenth of 

 one ounce troy, and the cent is composed of 

 ninety-five per cent, of copper and five per 

 cent, of tin and zinc, in such proportions as 

 shall be determined by the Director of the 

 Mint ; and from time to time there is struck 

 and coined at the mint a two-cent piece, of the 

 same composition, of the standard weight of 

 ninety-sis grains or one-fifth of one ounce troy, 

 with no greater deviation than four grains to 

 each piece of the cent and two-cent coins. These 

 coins are to be a legal tender in any payment, 

 the one-cent coin to the amount of ten cents, 

 and the two-cent coin to the amount of twenty 

 cents ; and these coins may be paid out in ex- 

 change for the lawful currency of the United 

 States, except cents or half cents issued under 

 former acts of Congress, in suitable sums, by 

 the Treasurer of the Mint, and by such other 

 depositaries as the Secretary of the Treasury 

 may designate. A three-cent coin was subse- 

 quently authorized and made a legal tender to 

 the amount of sixty cents. 



FLIEDNER, THEODORE, a Prussian clergy- 

 man and philanthropist, founder of the Protes- 

 tant order of Deaconesses, born in Rhenish Prus- 

 sia, in 1798, died at Kaiserswerth, on the Rhine, 

 Rhenish Prussia, October 4th, 1864. Of his 

 early education and training nothing is known. 

 At the age of twenty-two, having passed 

 through his university course, he became pas- 

 tor of Kaiserswerth, a small town on the 

 Rhine, where, in 1812, a manufactory of cot- 

 ton goods had been established and a consider- 

 able number of operatives employed. In 1822, 

 two years after he entered upon his pastorate, 

 the manufacturing company failed, and the 

 people, far from being able to support their 

 young pastor, were plunged in the deepest 

 penury from the want of employment. Pastor 

 Fliedner, unwilling to abandon them, set out 

 in 1823 on a journey to Holland and England, 

 to obtain a sufficient sum of money to endow 

 with a moderate income the little parish church 

 of Kaiserswerth. He succeeded in this, but this 

 was the smallest part of the result of his jour- 

 ney, which was extended to nearly two years. 

 In England he became well acquainted with 

 Mrs. Elizabeth Fry, and interested in her ef- 

 forts to reform the prisons and the female pris- 

 oners. Soon after his return he founded at 

 Dusseldorf, in 1826, the first German society 



