GERARD, JULES. 



may degenerate into a guerilla strife, the end of which 

 may not be seen by the present generation, and the 

 hate engendered by which will last through many 

 future generations. 



Neither General Sherman nor I can control this, 

 however much we may deplore it. 



If those on both sides who have the constitutional 

 power of negotiation, from obstinacy or ambition, 

 refuse to recognize the sovereignty of the States and 

 to leave the settlement of the question to the States 

 when they cannot themselves agree, and insist on 

 continual effusion of blood to gratify their caprice, 

 all the States, North and South, 'in their official 

 capacity may then be justifiable in taking the matter 

 into their own hands and settling it as sovereigns in 

 their own way. 



The views of the Governor on the manner of 

 settling the difficulties were subsequently stated 

 to the Legislature more briefly in his message 

 at the session in Xovember. The plan was 

 openly advocated by several newspapers in 

 Georgia and Alabama, which claimed most of 

 the leading men in Georgia and several other 

 States as favoring it. 



From Chattanooga to Marietta, a distance of 

 one hundred and fifty miles, the country was 

 totally swept of its able male inhabitants. A 

 few old and decrepit -men, gaunt and half- 

 starved women and children were occasionally 

 to be seen. All along the railroad appear 

 black and charred timbers, and chimneys stand- 

 ing alone that show where houses have been 

 burned down. The few little villages are de- 

 serted, and fences and crops have disappeared. 

 Large hotels and stores remain with doors off 

 their hinges, the panes of glass broken, and the 

 furniture removed, from cellar to garret. Ap- 

 propriations were made by the Legislature to 

 feed the destitute inhabitants of several coun- 

 ties. 



GERARD, JULES, a French traveller, ex- 

 plorer, and lion-hunter, born at Pegnan, in the 

 Department of Var, France, June 14, 1817, and 

 drowned in crossing the Jong River, in Upper 

 Guinea, in September, 1864. He was the son 

 of poor parents, but was fond of sport from his 

 youth, being a hunter and somewhat of a pugi- 

 list when but sixteen years of age. He volun- 

 teered for the Algerian Campaign in 1841, and 

 soon after his arrival in Algeria hearing of the 

 terrible lion of the Archiona he resolved to 

 kill him. He was successful in this, and in 

 subsequent years slew twenty-five other Afri- 

 can lions of full size, besides leopards and pan- 

 thers, though always badly equipped^ and re- 

 ceived from the Arabs the name of "the 

 terrible Frank." In 1847 he returned to France, 

 and was received with many honors. The 

 Count de Paris gave him a brace of fine pistols. 

 In 1855 he returned again to France with the 

 rank of sub-lieutenant, and received the deco- 

 ration of the Legion of Honor. Soon after he 

 visited England where he was treated with 

 much attention. In 1857-'8 he published an 

 account of his adventures under the title of 

 Le Tireur de Lions ( " The Lion Killer " ). Xoar 

 the close of 1863 he went to the western coast 

 of Africa, provided with instructions from the 



GIDDINGS, JOSHUA R. 407 



Royal Geographical Society of London, and 

 with the support of several members of the 

 English nobility, for the purpose of exploring 

 the interior of that country. He first landed 

 at Whydah, and attempted to penetrate into 

 the interior by way of the kingdom of Da- 

 home, but failing in this, came to Sierra Leone, 

 where the English citizens furnished him with 

 the means for his journey, and he went to the 

 neighborhood of the river Gallinas on board an 

 English man-of-war. Soon after landing he 

 was plundered of all his baggage and took 

 refuge in Sherbro County, where the French 

 residents gave him all the assistance in their 

 power. He left the village of Begboun in 

 May or June, but when at only two hours' dis- 

 tance was again completely pillaged and com- 

 pelled to return to the village, where he re- 

 mained till the close of the rainy season, when, 

 his resources being exhausted, he determined 

 upon returning to Sierra Leone, but was 

 drowned in attempting to cross the Jong 

 River, which had been much swollen by the 

 rains. 



GEDDIN"GS, JOSHTA REED, an American 

 statesman and author, born in Athens, Brad- 

 ford Co., Penn., Oct. 6th, 1795, died in Montreal, 

 Canada East, May 27th, 1864. "When he was ten 

 years old his parents became settlers of Ashta- 

 bula Co., Ohio, in the Western Reserve, since 

 famous by its devotedly anti-slavery politics. 

 When 17 years old, in 1812, he entered the 

 army as a substitute for his brother, and saw 

 service against the Indians near Sandusky Bay. 

 Subsequently he taught school, began the law 

 in 1817, studying with Elisha Whittlesey, and 

 was admitted" to the bar in 1820. In 1826 his 

 public political life commenced with his choice 

 as a representative to the State Legislature. 

 Declining a reelection, he pursued his profession 

 till 1838, and in that year was chosen to Con- 

 gress to succeed his instructor, Mr. Whittlesey. 

 Henceforward his career became part of the 

 history of the anti-slavery movement. 



His principles were settled before he entered 

 Congress. At the beginning of his service as a 

 Representative he became identified with the 

 champions of anti-slavery. By the side of 

 John Quincy Adams, he defended the right of 

 petition, declared for the abolition of slavery 

 and the slave-trade in the District of Columbia, 

 and espoused the cause of territorial freedom. 

 Mr. Giddings's first attempt to be heard against 

 the slave-trade, in 1839, was a vain one. In 

 1841 he found leave to speak against the Flor- 

 ida War as a pro-slavery contest. In 1842 

 came the celebrated Creole case, in which slaves 

 on board a vessel of that name, sailing from 

 Virginia for New Orleans, rose against their 

 kidnappers, and carried the vessel into a British 

 port. Mr. Webster, then Secretary of State, 

 demanded indemnification from the British 

 Government, and Mr. Giddings, on the 21st of 

 March, gave notice of the following series of 

 resolutions, which were read twice from the 

 clerk's desk : 



