HITCHCOCK, EDWARD. 



Hitchcock had already acquired a high reputa- 

 tion as a scientific naturalist, and his future re- 

 nown was to be looked for from the same 

 source, while the acceptance of the presidency, 

 involving as it did the intensest application to 

 the interests of the college, would eifectually 

 cut him offfrom any considerable progress in 

 the direction most congenial to his tastes. Be- 

 lieving, however, that it was a matter of duty, 

 he accepted the appointment and threw all his 

 energies into it, making a stipulation at the be- 

 ginning that for a time the Faculty should di- 

 vide the income of the college among them for 

 their support, be the same less or more, and 

 present no claims against the college for further 

 salary. This stopped the accumulation of debt 

 on the part of the college, and by his efforts 

 new friends were found to aid in its endow- 

 ment, the State made grants to it, and it was in 

 a few years placed upon a solid and permanent 

 foundation. At the end of ten years of con- 

 stant and severe labor, as financial manager as 

 well as instructor, Dr. Hitchcock resigned the 

 presidency, satisfied that the college could main- 

 tain its position without his fostering care. 

 The trustees were unwilling, however, to spare 

 him from the institution, and he finally con- 

 sented to retain the chair of Geology and Xatu- 

 ral Theology, which he did until his death. In 

 1846 Middlebury College conferred on him the 

 degree of D.D. In 1850 the State Government 

 sent him to Europe as Commissioner to ex- 

 amine the agricultural schools of Europe. In 

 1857 the State of Vermont appointed him to 

 complete the Geological Survey of that State. 

 His reputation as a geologist was very high 

 both in England and America, and he had been 

 elected corresponding or associate member of 

 most of the scientific societies of both conti- 

 nents. Especially in the department of Ichnol- 

 ogy, which he might almost be said to have 

 created, was he a standard authority. His 

 investigations of the fossil footprints of the 

 Connecticut Valley formed an era in geological 

 science. 



Dr. Hitchcock was a voluminous writer. 

 Among his published works are the following : 

 'Geology of the Connecticut Valley." 1823; 

 " Catalogues of Plants within Twenty Miles of 

 Amherst," 1829; "Dyspepsia Forestalled and 

 Resisted," 1830; "An Argument for Early 

 Temperance " (reprinted in London) ; " Reli- 

 gious Lectures on the Peculiar Phenomena of the 

 Four Seasons," " First Report on the Economic 

 Geology of Massachusetts,-' 1832; "Report on 

 the Geology, Zoology, and Botany of Massachu- 

 setts," plates, 1833; "Report on a re-Examina- 

 tion of the Geology of Massachusetts," 1838; 

 "Elementary Geology," 1840; "Final Report 

 on the Geology of Massachusetts," 2 vols. 4to., 

 plates, 1841; "Fossil Footmarks in the United 

 States," 1848; "History of Zoological Temper- 

 ance Convention in Central Africa," 1850; 

 " Report on the Agricultural Schools of Europe," 

 1851 ; " Memoir of Mary Lyon," " The Religion 

 of Geology and its connected Sciences," 1851, 



HUGHES, JOHN. 



429 



and many scientific papers in the "American 

 Journal of Science," and other periodicals. 



HORNBLOWER, JOSEPH C., LL.D., an Amer- 

 ican jurist, born in Belleville, X. J., May 6th, 

 1 777.' died at Newark, N. J., June llth, 1864. 

 Though unable to obtain a collegiate education 

 he applied himself closely in the classical school 

 of Orange, and received besides some valuable 

 instruction in mathematics and other sciences 

 from his father, the Hon. Josiah Hornblower, of 

 Belleville, and at twenty-one commenced the 

 study of law at Newark. In 1803 he was ad- 

 mitted to the bar, and soon took rank with the 

 first lawyers of his State. In November, 1832, 

 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme 

 Court of New Jersey, a position which he held 

 for fourteen years, retiring in 1846. His deci- 

 sions during this period are marked by learning, 

 legal acumen, and high moral principle, and 

 occupy several volumes of the New Jersey Law 

 Reports. His well-known decision in 1856, 

 that Congress had no right to pass a fugitive 

 slave law, was one which, although reversed, 

 attracted much attention. In 1844 Judge H. 

 ^as one of the most prominent members of 

 the convention called to frame a new Consti- 

 tution for the State, and strenuously endeavor- 

 ed to obtain the insertion of a clause putting 

 an end to slavery in the State, in which he was 

 unsuccessful. In 1856 he was chairman of the 

 New Jersey delegation, and Vice-President of 

 the Philadelphia Convention, which nominated 

 Fremont. Judge Hornblower was President of 

 the New Jersey Colonization Society, of the 

 Society for Promoting Collegiate and Theologi- 

 cal Education at the TTest, and of the New- 

 Jersey Historical Society, besides being connect- 

 ed with many of the religious organizations of 

 the day. Hi? death was the result of paralysis. 



HUGHES, JOHX, Archbishop of New York, 

 born near Clogher, county Tyrone. Ireland, in 

 1797, died in New York, January 3d, 1864. He 

 was the son of a respectable, well-to-do farmer, 

 and was educated, until his eighteenth or nine- 

 teenth year, in the schools near his birthplace. 

 His father emigrated to America in 1816, and 

 settled at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. John 

 followed him the next year, and his mother 

 and the rest of the family came over in 1818. 

 John worked for his living until he was twen- 

 ty-two years old, when he obtained admission 

 to Mount St. Mary's College, at Emmitsburg, 

 Maryland, with the understanding that as soon 

 as he had learned a little more he should teach a 

 class, and in the mean time should take care of 

 the garden as a compensation for his expenses 

 in the house. He was ordained priest from this 

 establishment in 1826. His first pastoral charge 

 was at Bedford, Pennsylvania, but he was there 

 only a fewweeks, being called, in January, 1827, 

 to St. Joseph's church, Philadelphia. In 1831 

 -'32 he built St. John's church, which, under 

 his pastorship, became the "fashionable" 

 church of that city. By controversies through 

 the newspapers and several little polemical 

 tracts, as well as his eloquence in the pulpit, 



