ILLINOIS. 



431 



purpose of consolidating the church debt at a 

 low rate of interest ; but he did not succeed. 

 The next year he obtained a coadjutor in the 

 person of the Pwov. John McCloskey, the pres- 

 ent Archbishop of Xew York. At the time of 

 the Xative American riots in Philadelphia, in 

 1844, he used his influence with the best re- 

 sults to prevent an outbreak in Xew York, 

 and addressed a public letter to Mayor Harper, 

 reviewing his own past course, and defending 

 himself from the attacks of the " Xew York 

 Herald " and other papers. He made a third 

 voyage to Europe in 1845-'46, and obtained 

 some of the Jesuits, Brothers of the Christian 

 Schools, and Sisters of Mercy. "When the 

 Mexican war was imminent, in 1846, President 

 Polk wished to send him to Mexico on a mission 

 of peace ; but he refused the honor. In 1847 

 the diocese was divided, Dr. McCloskev being 

 appointed bishop of Albany, and another new 

 see erected at Buffalo, and in 1850 Dr. Hughes 

 was raised to the rank of archbishop, with the 

 bishops of Albany, Buffalo, Boston, and Hart- 

 ford for his suffragans. To these were added 

 afterwards the incumbents of the new sees of 

 Brooklyn, Xewark, Burlington, and Portland. 

 Archbishop Hughes went to Eome to receive 

 from the Pope the insignia of his new dignity, 

 and he visited the Holy City again in 1854, in 

 order to be present at the definition of the 

 dogma of the Immaculate Conception. On 

 his return he became engaged in a sharp con- 

 troversy with the Hon. Erastus Brooks, State 

 senator of Xew York, growing out of a bill 

 before the Legislature designed to vest all 

 church property in trustees. He afterwards 

 published his letters on this subject, together 

 with a review of the trustee system, in a vol- 

 ume entitled " Brooksiana " (1855). The bill 

 became a law, which, however, was never en- 

 forced, and was repealed in 1863. He laid the 

 corner-stone of a new cathedral, which he in- 

 tended should be the grandest ecclesiastical edi- 



fice in America, in August, 1858; the work 

 was suspended when the walls were about ten 

 feet high, and has not yet been resumed. In 

 Xovember, 1861, the archbishop sailed for Eu- 

 rope, in company with Mr. Thurlow Weed, 

 charged by the United States Government with 

 an unofficial mission of peace. It was supposed 

 that in preventing France and England from 

 interfering in the American civil war, private 

 gentlemen might be able to exert an influence 

 abroad which the restraints of official etiquette 

 would debar our diplomatic representatives 

 from exercising. The archbishop, after a long 

 interview with the Emperor and Empress of 

 the French, went to Rome, where he remained 

 until June, to witness the ceremony of the 

 canonization of several martyrs. He preached 

 in Dublin, when the corner-stone of the Cath- 

 olic University was laid in July, and soon 

 afterwards returned home. His health had 

 been gradually failing for several years, and he 

 came prominently before the public only once 

 more. That was during the draft-riots in Xew 

 York in July, 1863, when the Governor of the 

 State having requested him to use his influ- 

 ence to stop the disorders, he published an ad- 

 dress i: To the men of Xew York called riot- 

 er-." inviting them to assemble at his house, 

 where he harangued them from the balcony, 

 and urged them to desist from violence. His 

 address was severely criticized in the news- 

 papers. Besides the works already mentioned, 

 and a little volume of "Letters to Kirwan,'' 

 the only separate publications of Archbishop 

 Hughes are lectures, sermons, pastorals, tracts, 

 &c. ; but he was a voluminous contributor to 

 newspapers from the beginning to the end of 

 his career. He wielded a more powerful in- 

 fluence than any other American bishop has 

 ever possessed, but he never exerted it in be- 

 half of any political party. His manners were 

 polished and agreeable, and he was genial in 

 social intercourse. 



ILLINOIS. The debt of the State of Illi- 

 nois on December 16th, 1864, was as follows : 



Illinois Bank and Internal Improvement stock $-31.000 00 



Illinois Internal Improvement stock. 42,000 00 



Internal Improvement scrip 19,570 SS 



Liquidation bonds 234,650 21 



Xew Internal Improvement stock. 1.548.407 85 



Interest bonds, 1547 1.206.S36 95 



Interest stock. 1S57 701.4'4 75 



Two certificates for arrears of interest 1,002 53 



Refunded stock 1,537.000 00 



Normal University bonds, 65,000 00 



Thornton Loan bonds, (act approved February 



21st, 1561) '. 152.000 00 



Balance Canal claims, Hnder Thornton Loan act 3.<V24 53 



"War bonds 1,919,100 00 



Illinois and Mich. Canal bonds, payable in X. Y. 1,618,000 00 

 Illinois and Michisan Canal bonds, payable in 



London " 1,631.68389 



Interest certificates, Canal stock, not registered 17.661 33 



Canal scrip, sisned by Governor .". 2.616 97 



121 Macallister and'Stebbins' bonds, which, 



according to statement of C. Macallister. 



would amount, January 1, 1365, to about... 57.000 00 



The debt of the previous year has been di- 

 minished one and a half millions by means of 

 a fund consisting of receipts from the Central 

 Railroad and a two-mill tax of 1863. 



During the two years ending October 31st, 

 1864, the State has received for the seven per 

 cent, tax on the gross earnings of the Central 

 Railroad, 705,908. 



The receipts of the State Treasury for reve- 

 nue purposes for the two vears ending Xovem- 

 ber, 1864, were 8497,616." The State has the 

 fund in coin on hand to pay the interest on the 

 debt held in Europe, and due in July, 1865, and 

 January, 1866. Former balance in" the Treas- 

 ury, $374,697. Warrants drawn in the same 

 time, $884,014. An increase of taxation or a 

 reduction of expenditures is considered to be 

 necessarv. 



111,178,564 The quota of the State for troops under all 



