440 



ITALY. 



effect in its diminution. Beyond this they have 

 been found to be not only costly but useless. 

 In a large number of instances some of the 

 heaviest lodes have been worked into the water 

 at the very point where the yield has been of 

 the most lucrative kind. A plan of drainage 

 has now been commenced by means of an adit 

 which has been run about twelve hundred feet, 

 and is to be extended about 'one mile. It is 

 made in solid rock, with an average height 

 of ten feet, and a width of about four feet. It 

 is expected to drain off the water of a section 

 of country of an average of between one and 

 two miles. More than sixty millions of pounds 

 have been taken from the clay diggings by 

 some of the parties at work in the region ex- 

 pected to be thus drained. 



The amount of lead produced from the entire 

 region in the three States in 1860, was in value 

 as follows: Illinois, $72,953; Iowa, $160,500; 

 Wisconsin, $325,368. The annual yield of 

 these mines of the Dubuque region ranges from 

 five to ten millions of pounds. 



ITALY. A kingdom of Southern Europe. 

 The present king is Victor Emmanuel, born 

 March 14th, 1820, the eldest son of King 

 Charles Albert, of Sardinia. The kingdom of 

 Italy is a constitutional monarchy, in which, 

 as usual, the executive power belongs to the 

 sovereign exclusively, while the legislative 

 authority rests conjointly in the sovereign and 

 the parliament, the latter consisting of two 

 Chambers, a Senate and a Chamber of Depu- 

 ties. The Senate consists of the princes of the 

 royal house, and of an indefinite number of 

 members, above forty years old, who are nomi- 

 nated by the king for life. The Chamber of 

 Deputies which, in 1862, numbered 443 mem- 

 bers, is elected by the majority of citizens who 

 are twenty-one years of age and pay taxes to the 

 amount of forty lire. A deputy must be thirty 

 years old, and have the requisites demanded by 

 the electoral law, among which is a slight prop- 

 erty qualification. 



Italy has an area of 98,075 English square 

 miles, and, according to the census of Jan. 1st, 

 1862, a population of 21,776,953. There are 

 six cities with a population of more than 100,- 

 000 inhabitants, viz., Naples, 118,968; Milan, 

 196,109; Turin, 180,520; Palermo, 167,625; 

 Genoa, 127,968 ; Florence, 114,336. 



The ministry was reconstructed, in Septem- 

 ber, 1864, as follows : 



President of the Council of Ministers : Minister 

 of the Exterior, General Alphonse Ferrero de 

 Ja Marmora ; Minister of the Interior, Dr. John 

 Lanza ; Minister of Worship and Justice, Vacca ; 

 Minister of War, Gen. Aug. L. Count Pettiti 

 Bagloani di Proreto; Minister of Finances, 

 Quintino Sella ; Minister of Public Instruction, 

 Baron Joseph Natoli ; Minister of Public 

 Works, Peter Jacini ; Minister of Commerce 

 and Agriculture, Torelli. 



The Italian budgets, which are divided into 

 an ordinary and extraordinary part, were for 

 the years 1864 and 1865, as follows: 



Estimated Receipts. 



Total 646,118,715 



625,502,518 



Edimated Expenditure. 



1864. 



1865. 



The whole debt of the kingdom of Italy 

 amounted, on January 1st, 1864, including the 

 loan 500 millions, of 1861, and three-fourths of 

 the loan of 700 millions, of 1863, amounted to 

 3,817,490,979 lire, and the annual interest on 

 this capital to 197,417,245 lire. 



The effective army was, for 1864, computed 

 at 14,541 officers, and 378,010, or, including 

 70,000 reserves, 448,010 men. The navy, in 

 July, 1864, was composed as follows: 45 

 screw streamers, namely, 1 ship of the line, 9 

 frigates, 1st class ; 4 frigates, 2d class ; 4 iron- 

 clad frigates, 1st class; 10 iron-clad frigates, 

 2d class; 17 gunboats and transports, together 

 with 998 guns ; 36 side-wheel steamers with 

 150 guns; 17 sailing vessels with 190 guns; 



