JAPAN. 



443 



could fail to see, on a second view, the innumerable 

 effects which will flow from it? These effects, I 

 think, will all be in favor of our constitution. The 

 difficulties of obtaining possession of Rome have not 

 been augmented bv the convention. It is eventually 

 certain that the Italians will count amongst their 

 finest jewels the noblest and the greatest ot all, the 

 city of Rome. When will this come to pass? I 

 know not ; but that this will come to pass I know. 

 We are in effect taking Rome daily. I will say more 

 daily Rome is coming to us of 'herself. The con. 

 ventio'n, instead of opposing, aids this movement. 

 Let not the Italians throw up this great game, and 

 the result will not fail. It will be such as religion 

 and civilization unite in claiming. 



The announcement of the convention, created 

 considerable discontent in Turin, where it gave 

 rise to some formidable riots ; and it was 

 viewed with distrust by the foreign friends of 

 Italy, who fancied that it implied a renuncia- 

 tion of Rome as the capital of the peninsula. 



In the Italian Parliament, which was re- 

 opened on October 24th, the convention gave 

 rise to a protracted and animated discussion. 

 Most impressive speeches were delivered in 

 favor of the project, by the prime minister, 

 Gen. La Marmora, and by Gen. Cialdini. 

 Both believed that with this convention, Italy 

 would go forward toward a solution of the 

 Roman question, prudently and slowly, yet 

 without intermission. With regard to Venetia, 

 Gen. La Marmora expressed the hope that 

 some solution might yet become possible, and 

 that the mind of the Emperor of Austria might 

 be brought to new conclusions relative to this 

 subject. 



On November 19th, the Chamber of Deputies 

 adopted the bill for the transfer of the capital 

 to Florence, by 317 to YO votes, and on Dec. 

 9th the bill was passed in the Senate by 134 

 against 47 votes. Two days later, Dec. llth, the 

 king sanctioned the bill, and the official gazette 

 published it, as follows : 



The Senate and the Chamber of Deputies having 

 approved, we have sanctioned, and hereby publish, 

 as follows : 



ART. 1. The capital of the kingdom shall be trans- 

 ferred to Florence within six months of the date of 

 this present law. 



ART. 2. To meet the costs of the transfer a credit 

 is opened in the extraordinary portion of the home 

 budget, and under a special head of 7,000,000f. divid- 

 ed as follows: 2,000, OOOf. in the budget of 1864, and 

 5,000,000 in the budget of 1865. 



The ministers of the interior, of finance, and of pub- 

 lic works are especially charged with the execution 

 of the present law. 



We order that these presents, furnished with the 

 seal of State, shall be inserted in the official collec- 

 tion of laws and decrees of the kingdom of Italy, and 



ordain that all persons shall observe and cause thorn 

 to be observed as a law of the State. 



(Signed) VICTOR EMMANUEL, 



Countersigned by all the Ministers. 



Given at Turin, this llth of December, 1864. 



Both the Government and the majority of 

 the national party seemed to be fully determined 

 that during the two years which Rome will yet 

 be held for the Pope by the French, no effort 

 to interfere with the Papal power shall receive 

 the least countenance from them, as both are 

 fully convinced that a rupture of friendly rela- 

 tions with France must have disastrous con- 

 sequences. It was found by the Government 

 to be very difficult to prevent the sympathy of 

 the Italians with Venetia from rushing them 

 into a new war against Austria. 



Insurrectionary movements broke out in 

 Venetia in October, which the Government 

 regarded as utterly hopeless and useless, cost- 

 ing Italy men and money, without the least 

 chance of success. The Diritto^ of Turin, was 

 seized by the Government for publishing a 

 proclamation of Signer Carioli, calling upon 

 the people to support the insurrection in Vene- 

 tia. The troops of the Italian Government on 

 November 16th, had a severe engagement with 

 a band of insurgents, or as they are called in 

 the reports from Italy, with the Garibaldians, 

 at Bagolino, in Northern Lombardy, in which 

 both sides lost many men in killed and wound- 

 ed, but which terminated in a capture of a 

 part, and dispersion of the rest of the insur- 

 gents. The Austrian Government issued a 

 proclamation on Nov. loth, declaring martial 

 law in eighteen districts of the provinces of 

 Friuli and Treviso. Sentinels and patrols were 

 ordered to fire upon assemblages after the first 

 summons to disperse. The penalty of death 

 was remitted to all those who voluntarily sur- 

 rendered themselves or who were given up by 

 the populace. In consequence of these meas- 

 ures the insurrection soon died out. 



A congress of Italian workmen, consisting 

 of about 90 delegates from Naples, Turin, 

 Palermo, Bologna, Genoa, Milan, Venice, 

 Florence, and many other cities, was held at 

 Naples from October 26th to 28th. The purpose 

 of the Congress was to draw up regulations for 

 the association, and, in order to carry out its 

 objects, it was resolved to establish schools, 

 libraries, and a fund for assisting workingmen 

 in their trades. Political discussions were ex- 

 cluded. A letter was read from Garibaldi, who 

 is the president of the association. The next 

 meeting is to be held in Palermo. 



JAP AX, an empire in Eastern Asia. Its 

 system of government is as yet but imperfectly 

 known. There are two Emperors, the "Mika- 

 do," or Spiritual Emperor, who resides at Miako, 

 in the principality of Kioto; and the Tycoon, 



or Temporal Emperor, whose residence is at 

 Yeddo. But neither of them has a general 

 authority extending over the entire empire; 

 for actually the Government is a Confederacy 

 of a large number (196) of princes, called 



