454 



KING, THOMAS B. 



election, in such case, should adjourn, and not pro- 

 ceed with the election. If you are unable to hold a 

 free election, your duty is to hold none at all ; but 

 adjourn, and report the offenders to the grand jury 

 of your county for indictment and punishment. This 

 is the lawful mode of meeting unlawful attempts to 

 disturb the freedom of elections. 



The laws regulating elections prescribe all the 

 duties of the officers, and all the qualifications and 

 tests of the voters. Observe those rules and none 

 other. None other are of authority or binding. 



While Gov. Bramlette visited Washington in 

 April, the duties of his office were performed 

 by Lieut.-Gov. Jacobs. During that time he 

 granted a pardon to Eev. Calvin Fairbanks, 

 who being implicated with Delia Webster in 

 enticing slaves from the State some twelve 

 years previous, had been sentenced to the State 

 penitentiary for fifteen years. 



The effect of these unsettled affairs in Ken- 

 tucky during the year was utterly to " demor- 

 alize" the system of labor. The uncertainty 

 of the tenure of slave labor destroyed its value. 

 Some farmers who held slaves had lost a part 

 or all of them. Others have had the wives 

 and small children of their men left on their 

 hands, a present and prospective burden, and, 

 what adds to the perplexity of their position, 

 the active men of every age and many of the 

 younger and middle-aged women, have been 

 going away and will continue to go until ap- 

 parently the institution of slavery will remove 

 itself, and with it goes nearly all the labor of 

 the State. The Government wants the active 

 black men for soldiers; the policy of their 

 enlistment has become settled by legal enact- 

 ment, and by the same power it is decided that 

 <;he wives and children of colored soldiers ob- 

 tain with the enlisted negro the status of free- 

 dom. Thus the question of labor to produce 

 the crop began to create much anxiety. 



Under the Provisional or Confederate Govern- 

 ment of Kentucky an election was held for 

 members of the Congress at Richmond, at 

 which the following vote was cast on a general 

 ticket throughout the State : 



Willis B. Machen, Henry E. Read, Geo. W. 

 Ewing, James G. Crisman," H. W. Bruce, E. M. 

 Bruce, and John M. Elliott were reelected 

 members. 



KING, THOMAS BUTLER, an American poli- 

 tician, born in Hampden County, Mass., August 

 27, 1804, died at his residence in Waynesboro', 

 Ware County, Ga., of pneumonia, May 10, 1864. 

 He was educated at Westfield Academy, Mass., 

 and studied for the bar, but removed to Georgia 

 in 1823, where he married, and devoted himself 

 to cotton planting. In 1832, 1834, 1835, and 



KIRKLAND, CAROLINE M. 



107, he was a member of the State Senate of 

 Georgia, and from 1839 to 1843, and again from 

 1845 to 1849, he was a Representative in Con- 

 gress from Georgia, serving much of the time 

 on the Committee on Naval Affairs, in which 

 he took a special interest. In 1849 Gen. Taylor 

 appointed him collector of the port of San 

 Francisco, but he resigned after two years, 

 though he continued to reside in California for 

 some years. Returning to Georgia he was 

 elected in 1859 State Senator. He was also a 

 member of the Milledgeville Convention in 

 1833, of the Macon Railroad Convention in 

 1836, and of the Young Men's Convention in 

 Baltimore in 1840, and had taken a practical 

 interest in several railroad and canal companies 

 in Georgia, of which he was some years presi- 

 dent. His political sympathies had been for 

 many years with the State Rights party, and in 

 1861 he identified himself with the secessionists, 

 and was active in the effort to withdraw his 

 State from the Union ; and soon after its seces- 

 sion was sent as its commissioner to Europe, 

 where he remained for about two years, al- 

 though he accomplished little or nothing for 

 the benefit either of his State or the Southern 

 Confederacy. On his return he retired to his 

 estate, and did not again mingle in public life. 

 He was a man of cultivated literary tastes and 

 extensive acquirements, and of fine and com- 

 manding address. 



KIRKLAND, CAEOLIXE MATILDA (STANS- 

 BrjEy), an American authoress, born in New 

 York in January, 1801, died there April 6, 

 1864. After the death of her father, who was 

 a publisher in New York, she removed with 

 her family to Geneva, in the interior of the 

 State, where she was married to Professor 

 Kirkland, of Hamilton College, who subse- 

 quently established a seminary at Goshen, on 

 Seneca Lake. In 1843, after a residence of 

 several years in Michigan, Mrs. Kirkland, ac- 

 companied by her husband, returned to New 

 York, where she chiefly resided until her death, 

 engaged in literary and educational enterprises. 

 Her literary career commenced in 1839, with 

 the publication of "A New Home Who'll 

 Follow ? " a record of her own experiences in 

 the West, written with such vivacity and fresh- 

 ness as to obtain for her an immediate and wide- 

 spread popula'rity. This work, as well as "For- 

 est Life" (1842), and "Western Clearings" 

 (1846), was published under the pseudonyme 

 of " Mrs. Mary Clavers." After the death of 

 her husband in 1847 she assumed for eighteen 

 months the editorship of the " Union Maga- 

 zine," and in 1848-'49 made a tour in Europe, 

 of which she published an account, under the 

 title of "Holidays Abroad; or, Europe from the 

 West " (2 vols., 1849). Among her remaining 

 works are " Tlie Evening Book ; or, Fireside 

 Talk on Morals and Manners, with Sketches 

 of Western Life " (1852) ; " A Book for the 

 Home Circle " (1853) ; the letter press for the 

 " Book of Home Beauty," a volume containing 

 portraits of twelve American ladios " Per- 



