466 



LITEEATUEE AND LITEEAEY PEOGEESS IN 1864. 



monifera of Maine, with a catalogue of all the 

 species of Terrestrial and Fluviatile Mollusca," 

 by Edward S. Morse ; " Contributions to Con- 

 chology No. 2, The Pholadacea," by George 

 W. Tryon, Jr., and " Eah'nesque on Eecent and 

 Fossil Conchology," edited by "W. G. Binney 

 and George "W. Tryon, Jr. In Botany we have 

 " Preliminary List of Plants in Buffalo and 

 Vicinity," by George W. Clinton, and " Icones 

 Muscorum : the Mosses peculiar to Eastern 

 North America, not before figured," by TV. S. 

 Sullivant, LL. D. To the Department of Phys- 

 ical Science also belongs the " Annual of Scien- 

 tific Discovery for 1864," by David A. "Wells. 



In Political and Social Science, though tho 

 number of publications was considerable (38 

 distinct works having appeared), there were 

 comparatively few of permanent value. The 

 Presidential campaign, and the strife of parties, 

 led to the publication of many ephemeral and 

 worthless books and pamphlets. Among those 

 of a higher character were : Herbert Spencer's 

 " Essays : Scientific, Political, and Speculative ; " 

 " American Politics: a Moral and Political 

 Work, treating of the Causes of the Civil War," 

 &c., by W. W. Handlin; "Inside Views of 

 Slavery on Southern Plantations," by John 

 Eoles, twenty-five years a resident of the South, 

 and ten years an overseer; "The Future: a 

 Political Essay," by Montgomery H. Throop ; 

 "England's Liability for Indemnity, a reply to 

 Historicus," by Chas. G. Loring ; " Transactions 

 of the Ehode Island Society for the Encourage- 

 ment of Domestic Industry, for 1863;" "The 

 Democrat; or, the Fundamental Principles of 

 Democracy as Established by the Constitution 

 of the United States ; " " An Address on the 

 Subjects of Eebellion, Slavery, and Eace," by 

 N. G. Upham ; " The Federalist ; a Collection 

 of Essays," &c., edited by John C. Hamilton ; 

 " Letter to a Whig Member of the Southern 

 Independence Association," by Prof. Goldwin 

 Smith; " The True Temperance Platform ; or, 

 an Exposition of the Folly of Alcoholic Medica- 

 tion," by E. T. Trail, M.D.; "Mistakes and 

 Failures of the Temperance Eeformation ; " 

 " The Wrong of Slavery, the Eight of Emanci- 

 pation, and the Future of the African Eace in 

 the United States," by Eobert Dale Owen; 

 "The Negro Problem Solved; or, Africa as she 

 was, as she is, and as she shall be, her Curse 

 and Cure," by Eev. Hollis Eead; "Eeport of 

 the Debates and Proceedings of the Peace Con- 

 gress of 1861," by Hon. L. E. Chittenden; 

 "Dissertations and Discussions," by John 

 Stuart Mill; "The Suppressed Book about 

 Slavery ; " " Southern Slavery in its Present 

 Aspects: a reply to Bishop Hopkins," by Eev. 

 D. E. Goodwin, D. D. ; " Free Government in 

 England and America, containing the Great 

 Charter, the Petition of Eights, the Bill of 

 Rights, and the Federal Constitution," by S. 

 M. Johnson; "State Eights: a Photograph 

 from the Euins of Ancient Greece," by Prof. 

 Taylor Lewis ; " Practical Thoughts on Sister- 

 hoods, in reply to a Letter of Inquiry," by one 



of the Sisters of the Holy Communion (St. 

 Luke's Hospital) ; " Manual of Social Science, 

 being a Condensation of H. C. Carey's Princi- 

 ples of Social Science," by Kate McKean. 

 Early in the year a pamphlet appeared from 

 the pen of an anonymous author, bearing the 

 title, " Miscegenation : the Theory of the Blend- 

 ing of the Eaces, applied to the American 

 White Man and the Negro." It was written 

 with considerable ability, and called out many 

 replies, one of which, " Subgenation : the 

 Theory of the Normal Eelation of the Eaces," 

 had a somewhat extensive sale. 



The works on Financial Science published 

 during the year, had generally a particular 

 reference to the somewhat anomalous condi- 

 tion of the national finances. The most im- 

 portant were : " The National Debt, Taxation, 

 Currency, and Banking System of the United 

 States," by James Gallatin ; " The Great Paper 

 Bubble ; or, the Coming Financial Explosion," 

 by Alexander Delmar; "Gold Currency and 

 Funded Debt," by G. H. Wainwright; "Acts 

 of Congress relating to Loans and the Currency, 

 from 1842 to 1864;" "Greenbacks; or, the 

 Evils and Eemedy of using 'Promise to Pay the 

 Bearer on Demand' as a Measure of Value;" 

 by Observer ; " Industrial and Financial Ee- 

 sources of the United States of America, as de- 

 veloped by official Federal and State Eeturns," 

 by Samuel Hallett, banker ; " Considerations 

 for Bankers and Holders of United States 

 Bonds," by Lysander Spooner: "The Natioral 

 Banking Law ; " " Our Eesources : a Series of 

 Articles on the Financial and Political condi- 

 tion of the United States," by a Citizen of 

 Ehode Island; "Essai d'Economie Sociale," 

 par F. Tufferd; "The Coins of the Bible and 

 its Money Terms," by J. Eoss Snowden; 

 " Principles of Percentage Explained and Il- 

 lustrated," by J. H. Partridge, A.M.; "Ster- 

 ling Exchange for the reduction of Sterling into 

 United States Currency, and of Currency into 

 Sterling," by Alfred Phillips; "Historical 

 Sketch of Continental Paper Money," by 

 Samuel Buck. 



In Encyclopedias and Statistical Worlcs, the 

 principal publications were the United States 

 Census Eeport of the 8th Census, Vol. 1, Popu- 

 lation, by J. C. G. Kennedy ; The American 

 Annual Cyclopedia for the year 1863 ; Cham- 

 bers's Encyclopaedia, Vol. 6 ; The National Al- 

 manac for 1864, and thirty-seven other Alma- 

 nacs, many of them containing Statistics; fifty- 

 nine Eegisters and Directories ; four Indexes 

 and Statistical Catalogue, and twelve Statistical 

 Eeports in bound volumes. 



The most important contribution to Philology 

 during the year was the publication of the Il- 

 lustrated edition of Webster's quarto unabridg- 

 ed Dictionary. This work, which had long 

 been in preparation, and on the revision of 

 which years of labor had been bestowed by 

 several eminent scholars, was in many respects 

 the greatest addition to the philology of the 

 present age which has appeared within half a 



