- NEVADA. 



NEWCASTLE, HENRY P. F. P. C. 575 





who received 6,590 votes; majority for Bias- 

 dell 3.244. A Republican member of Congress 

 was also chosen. 



The Legislature is entirely Republican. 



The boundaries of the new State, as defined 

 by Congress, are as follows : Commencing at a 

 point formed by the intersection of the thirty- 

 eighth degree of longitude west from Washing- 

 ton with the thirty-seventh degree of north 

 latitude; thence due west along said thirty- 

 seventh degree of north latitude to the eastern 

 boundary line of the State of California ; thence 

 in a northwesterly direction along the said east- 

 ern boundary line of the State of California to 

 the forty-third degree of longitude west from 

 Washington; thence north along said forty- 

 third degree of west longitude and said eastern 

 boundary line of the State of California to the 

 forty-second degree of north latitude; thence 

 due east along the said forty-second degree of 

 north latitude to a point formed by its intersec- 

 tion with the aforesaid thirty-eighth degree of 

 longitude west from Washington ; thence due 

 south down said thirty-eighth degree of west 

 longitude to the place of beginning. 



The enabling act passed by Congress, con- 

 tamed the following proviso. 



And profiled, further, That said convention shall 

 provide, by an ordinance irrevocable, without the 

 consent of'the United States and the people of said 

 State : 



1. That there shall be neither slavery nor involun- 

 tary servitude in the said State, otherwise than in 

 the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall 

 have been duly convicted. 



2. That perfect toleration of religious sentiment 

 sbail be secured, and no inhabitant of said State 

 shall ever be molested in person or property on 

 acco int of his or her mode of religious worship. 



3. That the people inhabiting said Territory do 

 ajree and declare that they forever disclaim all right 

 and title to the unappropriated public lands lying 

 within said Territory, and that the same shall be'and 

 remain at the sole and entire disposition of the United 

 States ; and that the lands belonging to the citizens 

 of the United States residing without the said State 

 shall never be taxed higher than the land belonging 

 to the residents thereof; and that no taxes shall be 

 imposed by said State on lands or property therein 

 belonging to, or which may hereafter be p'urchased 

 by, the Lnited States. 



The conditions of this enabling act were a lim- 

 itation on the powers of the Government of the 

 new State. That is, all power was withheld 

 from the new Government to organize an in- 

 stitution of slavery within the State, etc. The 

 President in his proclamation, states the title of 

 the enabling act of Congress passed for such 

 and such purposes, and " for the admission of 

 such State into the Union on an equal footing 

 with the original States.'' The original States 

 have not yet limited themselves by a surrender 

 of the power to create or to abolish slavery 

 within their limits. This inconsistency be- 

 tween the title and the contents of the act were 

 evidently overlooked by its authors. 



Five per centum of the net proceeds of all 

 public lands sold within the State, is appropri- 

 ated to the State for the purpose of making and 

 UDpioving public roads, constructing ditches or 



canals, to effect a general system of irrigation 

 of the agricultural land. 



Nevada is probably the richest State in the 

 Union in respect to mineral resources. No 

 region in the world is richer in argentiferous 

 leads. These are found scattered over the en- 

 tire Washoe country, the richest of which is 

 that known as the Comstock lead, of Virginia 

 The localities of the other principal 

 mines in the region east of the Sierra Nevada 

 are the Esmeralda mines, one hundred miles 

 south-southeast of Virginia City; the Hum- 

 boldt, one hundred and sixty miles north 

 the Silver Mountain, sixty miles south ; Peavine. 

 thirty miles north, and the Reese River country, 

 one hundred and seventy miles east -northeast, 

 embracing many districts, and flanked by two 

 of more than ordinary promise the Cortez, 

 seventy miles north, and the San Antonio, one 

 hundred miles south of Austin, now the prin- 

 cipal town on the Reese River. 



During the year, another deposit of mineral 

 wealth was brought to light, which has proved 

 of incalculable value to the silver miners. This 

 was an immense basin of salt, five miles square, 

 near the sink of the Carson River. This basin 

 appears once to have been the bottom of a lake, 

 and the salt is found good even on the surface. 

 A covering of about three inches is loose and 

 indifferent; but beneath this, for a depth of 

 fourteen feet, pure rock salt is found as clear as 

 ice, and white " as the riven snow." Beneath 

 there is water, which seems to be filtered through 

 salt for an unknown depth. The whole of the 

 fourteen feet in thickness does not contain a 

 single streak of any deleterious matter or rub- 

 bish, and is ready for quarrying and sending 

 to market. The locality is one hundred miles 

 west of the Reese River, and seventy mill - 

 of Virginia City, on the overland road. 



At the close of the year there were one hun- 

 dred and twenty-five quartz mills in operation 

 in Nevada, which were erected at a cost rang- 

 ing from $10,000 to $100,000. About three- 

 fourths of the mills of Nevada are driven by 

 steam, and the balance by water power. Of 

 the entire number, four-fifths are in the vicinity 

 of Virginia City. There is an average of one 

 hundred mills in constant operation. 



NEWCASTLE, HEXEY PELHAM FIEXXES 

 PELHAM CLISTOX, Duke of, an English states- 

 man, born in London, May 22. 1811, died Octo- 

 ber 18, 1864. He was the eldest son of Henry 

 Pelham, 4th duke, and was educated at Eton and 

 Christ Church College, Oxford. Upon coming of 

 age he entered the House of Commons under his 

 courtesy title of Lord Lincoln, as a Conserva- 

 tive, for the family borough of Newark, and 

 during the short-lived administration of Sir 

 Robert Peel, in 1834, held the office of a junior 

 Lord of the Treasury. From 1834 to 1841 he 

 was an active member of the opposition, and 

 upon the return of Peel to power in the latter 

 year, he was appointed Commissioner of Woods 

 and Forests, which position he held with credit 

 until 1846, when, adhering to the premier in 



