SAX TAX A. 



SCHLESWIG-IIOLSTEI X. 



la February, 18G4, relinquished theirs for that 

 I>o;>urt;uciit, in its favor. It has a good hos- 

 pital for the sick or wounded soldiers, with a 

 hkilful surgeon, careful attendants, and assid- 

 uous volunteer night watchers; furnishes aa 

 asylum to those unfortunate soldiers who, dis- 

 j_-J from the service without means, fiud 

 themselves homeless and shelterless, giving 

 them a home till employment can be provided 

 for them. It also interests itself in procuring 

 transportation, bounties, and back pay for the 

 soldiers, and furnishing information to the 

 friends of those who are sick, or have died, rel- 

 ative to procuring their dues. Religion- 

 vices are conducted every Sabbath at its rooms. 

 Much of the service rendered, including that 

 of the Superintendent, is voluntary, and with- 

 out compensation. Indeed, the Superintendent 

 has, ia addition, paid large sums from his own 

 pocket, for the relief of soldiers, in cases where 

 such relief could not properly come from the 

 State funds, or the funds of the Association. 

 The Superintendent of this Association acts 

 also in the capacity of State Military Agent 

 for the States of Maine, Xew Hampshire, Ver- 

 mont, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Minnesota, 

 and Indiana, and is authorized to render such 

 assistance as may be needed to the soldiers of 

 those States coming to New York. 



SAXTAXA, PEDEO, an ex-President and 

 General of San Domingo, born in the early 

 part of the present century, died in San Do- 

 mingo June 14th, 1864. He first brought him- 

 self into notice in 1844, when by his successful 

 efibrts to secure the independence of the 

 Dominican republic of the island of Hayti he 

 acquired from his countrymen the title of the 

 " Liberator." In the same year he was elected 

 President of the republic, which office he held 

 until 1849. During this period treaties were 

 concluded with France and Great Britain, and 

 the new nation was established on a firm foot- 

 ing. Retiring from office upon the election of 

 his successor Jimenes, in 1849, he was almost 

 immediately afterwards called to assume the 

 dictatorship upon the invasion of the country 

 by Soulouque, the Harden emperor, whom ho 

 del'eated iu a decisive battle near Savanna 

 Xurnero on April 22d. Jimenes having fled 

 the country. Baez was elected the constitu- 

 tional President and Santana laid down his 

 dictatorship. In 1853 he was reflected for 

 another term of four years, distinguishing him- 

 self in 1855 and 18*56 by signally defeating 

 Soulouque, and in 1857 he was again succeeded 

 by Baez, who signalized his return to power by 

 becoming the leader of the clerical or reaction- 

 ary party. So distasteful did this prove to the 

 people that in September, 1857, Santana was 

 enabled to head a revolutionary movement 

 which led to the expulsion of Baez in the suc- 

 ceeding year, and the restoration of liberal rule. 

 "When, in the spring of 1861, the Spanish Gov- 

 ernment, taking advantage of the confusion 

 prevailing in the United States, undertook to 

 reannex the Dominican republic to its domin- 



ions, Santana became, by means of. bri 

 ivudy instrument to elroct this purpose. By 

 his proclamation of March 18, 18G1, lie an- 

 nounced the union of the State with Spain, 

 and was rewarded with a lieutenant-general 

 ship in the Spanisii Army, a title of nobility, 

 and various decorations. That his action was 

 not in accordance with the wishes of the 

 people was seen in the sanguinary resistance 

 to Spanish rule which followed, and which 

 will prove in all probability successful. Sant- 

 ana died hated by his countrymen and neglected 

 by those to whom he had assumed to sell the 

 republic. 



SCHLESWIG-IIOLSTEIX. The two duchies 

 of Schleswig and Holstein, together with tho 

 duchy of- Lauenburg, were formerly dependen- 

 cies of the crown of Denmark ; but on the death 

 of King Frederic VII., the difference of opinion 

 the lawfid successor of the late king in 

 the duchies, where the salic law had formerly 

 been in force, led to a war of Austria and Prus- 

 sia against Denmark, which terminated in a 

 treaty of peace, concluded at Vienna on Aug. 

 1st, 1864, and providing (in the 1st paragraph) 

 that '' His Majesty the King of Denmark re- 

 nounces all his rights to the duchies of Schks- 

 wig-Holstein and Lauenburg in favor of their 

 Majesties the King of Prussia and the Emperor 

 of Austria, engaging to recognize the arrange- 

 ments their said Majesties shall make in respect 

 of those duchies." 



The question of succession was not solved 

 at the close of the year 1864. The chief 

 claimant was Frederic, prince of Schleswig- 

 Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg, born July 

 6th, 1829. His chief competitor was the grand - 

 duke of Oldenburg; but Prussia indicated that 

 she also would present a claim, if not to the 

 lawful succession, yet to the right of possession 

 of the duchies, or, at least, of apart of them. 



On Dec. 7th, 1863, the Federal Diet of Ger- 

 many, on the motion of Austria and Prussia, 

 resolved to execute the federal laws against 

 Denmark, and compel her to revoke the funda- 

 mental law of X"ov. 18, 1863, as far as the duch- 

 ies of Holstein and Lauenburg are concerned, 

 as inconsistent with the rights of these duchies 

 and of the German confederacy, of which they 

 form a part. The decision of the question of 

 succession was reserved. A motion for a " fed- 

 eral occupation" of Holstein and Lauenburg 

 was rejected, as prejudging the decision of the 

 question of succession. Austria, Prussia, Sax- 

 ony, and Hanover were ordered to furnish a 

 contingent for the federal army, which was to 

 take possession of Holstein ; but only the forces 

 of the two latter States were to march into the 

 duchies, while those of Austria and Prussia 

 were to form a corps of observation. The 

 whole federal army was placed under the chief 

 command of the Sason General Hake. On tho 

 approach of the German troops, the Danes 

 evacuated the duchies of Holstein and Lauen- 

 burg, with the exception of a small strip of 

 land to the north of the Eider (the crv>wu 



