STUART, JAMES E. B. 



TANET, ROGER B. 



757 



31 the principal States of Europe, in order to 

 establish a national confederation for effecting 

 the measure of an arc of parallel from Orsk, on 

 the river Oural, to Valentia, in the west of 

 Ireland, a measure which has now made con- 

 siderable progress. The name of Struve 

 sociatecl witli all the great works of triangula- 

 2ion and geodesy carried out in Russia and 

 era Europe, His most impotant works are 

 " Observations at Dorpat," 8 vols., Dorpat, 

 1 SI 7-39 ; ' Xew Catalogue of Double S' 

 Dorpat, 1827; "On the Mecrometrical Measure- 

 ment of Double Stars," St. Petersburg, 1827; 

 " Studies in Stellar Astronomy upon the Milky 

 Way, and the Distance of the Fixed S 

 St. Petersburg, 18-17; ''Medial Positions of the 

 Double and Multiple Fixed Stars for the Epoch. 

 1830," St. Petersburg, 1852. 



STUART, JAMES E. B., a major-general in 

 the Confederate service, born in Patrick Co., 

 Va.. about 1832, died in Richmond, June llth, 

 1864. He was graduated at West Point in 1854, 

 commissioned a cavalry officer, and after reach- 

 ing the rank of first lieutenant, resigned May 14, 

 1801. He had previously seen considerable active 

 service in the Indian country, and was known as 

 a fearless rider and brave soldier. He immediate- 

 ly entered the Confederate army, commanded 

 the cavalry at the battle of Bull Run, was pro- 

 moted a brigadier-general in Sept. 1861, and in 

 the ensuing winter organized the cavalry forces 

 of the enemy in Virginia. He first brought 

 himself conspicuonsly into notice by his cele- 

 brated raid in the rear of Gen. McC'lellan's 

 communications near Richmond, on June 13th 



and 14th, 1802, which was the immediate [ire- 

 cursor and cause of the change of base soon 

 after commenced by the Federal army, and also 

 of the seven days' fighting. During the advance 

 of Gen. Lee toward Maryland in the succc 

 August he made a night attack, in the mi<; 

 a terrific thunder-storm, on Gen. Pope's head- 

 quarters, capturing many private papers and 

 plans of campaign ; and in October, a few weeks 

 after the battle of Antietain, at the head of two 

 thousand cavalry and four pieces of flying artil- 

 lery, he crossed the Potomac between Williams- 

 port and Hancock, and passing through Mer- 

 cersburg and Chambersburg, rode completely 

 round the Union h'nes, and recrossed the river 

 into Virginia with the loss of but one man. 

 This raid, though of little advantage beyond the 

 capture of several hundred horses and the 

 destruction of a few thousand dollars' worth of 

 stores, was the most daring movement of the 

 kind hitherto attempted during the war, and 

 greatly enhanced Gen. Stuart's reputation as a 

 cavalry officer. It was his last great su< 

 At Beverly ford in Virginia, and in Man-land 

 and Pennsylvania, during the Gettysburg cam- 

 paign, he was invariably worsted in his encoun- 

 ters with the Federal cavalry. He, however, 

 rendered efficient service in protecting the re- 

 treat of Lee's army after the battle of Gettys- 

 burg. He was mortally wounded in an en- 

 counter with Gen. Sheridan's cavalry at Yellow 

 Tavern, near Richmond, while endeavoring to 

 cover that city against Federal raids, and died 

 a day or two afterwards. 



T 



TALLMADGE, Hox. XATHAXIEL P., born in 

 Chatham, Columbia Co., X. Y., February 8, 

 1795. died at Battle Creek, Michigan, Xov. 2, 

 1864. He graduated at Union College ; studied 

 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1818 ; was 

 a member of the Assembly of Xew York in 

 1828 ; of the State Senate, from 1830 to 1833 ; 

 a Senator in Congress from that State from 

 1833 to 1844; and was subsequently appointed, 

 by President Tyler, Territorial Governor of 

 Wisconsin. Some years since he removed to 

 Battle Creek, Michigan, where he resided at 

 the time of his death. 



TAXEY, ROGEB BBOOKE, Chief Justice of 

 the United States, born in Calvert County, 

 Maryland, March 17th, 1777, died in Washing- 

 ton, D. C., October 12th, 1864. He was grad- 

 uated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., in 

 1795, admitted ia 1799 to .the bar of his native 

 county, from which he was elected a delegate 

 to the General Assembly, and in 1801 removed 

 his place of residence to Frederick. In 1822 

 he removed to Baltimore having previously 

 served as Senator in the Legislature of the 

 State during a term of four years. He was 



appointed Attorney-General of Maryland In 

 1827. and in 1831 was appointed Attorney- 

 General of the United States by President Jack- 

 son. During the contest of the Administration 

 with the Bank of the United States, upon the 

 dismissal of Mr. Duane from the office of Sec- 

 retary of Treasury, September 23, 1833, on 

 account of his refusal to remove the deposits, 

 Mr. Taney was appointed his successor, and 

 immediately ordered the transfer of the depos- 

 its to the local hanks selected by him as the 

 agents of the Government. The Senate refused 

 to confirm the nomination by a vote of 28 to 

 '18, in June, 1834. In the following year he 

 was nominated by President Jackson as an as- 

 sociate justice of the Supreme Court, but he 

 was virtually rejected by the Senate, which in- 

 definitely postponed the consideration of the 

 subject on the last day of the term. Upon the 

 death of Chief-Justice Marshall, he was ap- 

 pointed his successor by President Jackson, and 

 was confirmed by the Senate in March, 1836, 

 that body having changed its political relations. 

 He took his seat upon the Supreme bench in 

 January, 1837, and held the office until the 



