806 



URUGUAY. 



VEEMONT. 



God, and condemnation from all good men. Such 

 attempts would sound the knell of our Union, the 

 Bhipwreck of our country. 



URUGUAY. The Oriental Republic of Uru- 

 guay, a republic in South America. Its area is 

 about 3,375 geographical square miles, and the 

 population in 1860, 240,965 inhabitants. The 

 city of Montevideo had, in 1860, 37,787 inhab- 

 itants; and, in 1862, in consequence of the 

 annexation of Cordon and Aguada, 45,765. 

 According to the estimate of the budget for the 

 eighteen months from July 1, 1860, to Dec. 31, 

 1861, the receipts amounted to 3,579,802 pias- 

 tres. The amount of the importations was, in 

 1861, 9,642,522 piastres, and that of exporta- 

 tions, 7,576,257 piastres. 



The republic of Uruguay has been frequently 

 a prey to civil war between the party of the 

 "colorados," and the "blancos" or "blanqui- 

 llos." On April 19, 1860, a former President of 

 Uruguay, General Venancio Flores, who was 

 regarded as the head of the party of the " col- 

 orados," and who, having been exiled, had taken 

 service in the Argentine army, raised again the 

 standard of insurrection. The Legislature, at 

 Montevideo, declared him guilty of high treason, 

 and sent a small force against him, which, how- 

 ever, proved insufficient to expel him from the 

 territory of the republic. In August, 1863, 

 Flores advanced as far as three leagues from 

 Montevideo, but on Aug. 16th he was defeated 

 at Las Piedras by General Medina. Soon after 

 Flores, in turn, defeated General Diego Lamas. 

 In January, 1864, a new President, Mr. Aguirre, 

 assumed the reins of government at Montevideo, 

 and negotiations for terminating the civil war 

 were carried on between the two belligerent 

 parties, but they led to no result. 



The war between them assumed larger 

 dimensions and a greater importance, when, 

 toward the close of the year, the neighbor- 

 ing States of Brazil and Paraguay began to 

 take part in it. At the beginning of the insur- 

 rection, the Brazilian residents in Uruguay, as 

 well as the people of the adjoining Brazilian 

 province of Rio Grande do Sul, had openly 

 supported the chief of the insurgents, General 

 Flores. This naturally produced a great irrita- 

 tion on the part of the people of Uruguay against 

 the Brazilians. The complaints of the latter 

 induced the government of Brazil to ask for 

 indemnification and guarantees as to the future, 

 and when the government of Montevideo hesi- 

 tated to comply with these demands, Vice- Ad- 

 miral Baron de Tamandare, the commander of 



the Brazilian squadron in the Rio de la Plata, 

 on Oct. 11, addressed a circular note to tho 

 representatives of the foreign powers at Monte- 

 video, informing them that in consequence of 

 the non-acceptance of the Brazilian ultimatum 

 by Uruguay, he would immediately exercise 

 reprisals by sea, while at the same time the 

 imperial army would be marched into tho 

 northern produces of Uruguay. The repre- 

 sentatives of England, France, Italy, Spain, and 

 Portugal, strongly protested against the conduct 

 of Brazil, denied her right to declare a blockade 

 without a previous declaration of war, and 

 declared that they could not allow the search 

 of their vessels by Brazilians. 



The sympathies shown by Brazil with the 

 insurrection, called forth a protest from the 

 President of Paraguay, General Lopez. Brazil 

 was suspected by Paraguay, as well as by the 

 northern provinces of the Argentine republic, 

 of an intention to annex the entire territory of 

 Uruguay to herself, and thus to obtain the sole 

 control of the mouth of the river La Plata. Tho 

 President of Paraguay, therefore, notilied Brazil 

 that an armed Brazilian intervention in Uruguay, 

 would be regarded by Paraguay as a case of 

 war ; and when this protest was not heeded, war 

 was declared against Brazil. 



The government of the Argentine republic 

 sympathized with Brazil and Gen. Flores, but 

 the provinces of Corrientes and Entre Rios 

 declared that they could not oppose the march 

 of a Paraguaian army through their territory to 

 the aid of Uruguay. 



The march of the Brazilian army into the 

 territory of Uruguay commenced in November. 

 At the beginning of December, the Brazilian 

 forces, conjointly with those of Gen. Flores, 

 began to lay siege to the Uruguayan fortress of 

 Paysandu, which, after the resistance of a few 

 days and after some bloody engagements, fell 

 into the hands of Flores. Both Flores and the 

 Brazilians then advanced against the capital of 

 Uruguay, and it was expected it would soon 

 fall into their hands, and that the war would 

 be brought to a close early in 1865. 



While the Brazilians were advancing in Uru- 

 guay, a strong force from Paraguay invaded the 

 adjacent provinces of Brazil, when, from want 

 of communication with Rio de Janeiro, no re- 

 sistance could be offered to them. As the war 

 operations only commenced in December, 1864, 

 and continued in 1865, we postpone a fuller ac- 

 count of them to the next volume of the AN- 

 NITAL CYCLOPEDIA. 



V 



VERMONT. The number of troops fur- 

 nished by Vermont to the army from the com- 

 mencement of the war to October 1st, 1864, was 

 82,710, which showed an enlistment during the 

 Grst nine mouths of 1864 of 14,486 men. The 



infantry and cavalry regiments of the State, 

 though proportionally few, have borne an 

 honorable part in the war, and proved among 

 the most staunch and trustworthy troops in 

 the service. 



