30 



AEMY, UNITED STATES. 



General Edwards, under date of October 7th, 

 writes : " Union men are just as safe in this 

 State as anywhere else. We have not our 

 proportional part of lawlessness in comparison 

 with other States. There are but few instances 

 of violence being committed on political con- 

 siderations, and where these have occurred the 

 wrongs have been committed as much by one 

 party as the other." Active efforts were made 

 to induce capitalists and laborers to. become 

 citizens of the State, and assurances were given 

 that persons of all shades of political opinions 

 were as safe in person and property within the 

 State as they could be anywhere. Measures were 

 taken to improve and extend the various rail- 

 roads in operation, as conducive to public pros- 

 perity; it is believed that in a fewyears the State 

 will be traversed by them in every direction. 



The public sentiment of the State had become 

 favorably changed with regard to the freedmen, 

 and measures for their education and general 

 improvement were advocated in the most in- 

 fluential quarters. The passage of laws secur- 

 ing to all the equal protection of person and 

 property, was a proposition universally ap- 

 proved." Few, however, could at present be 

 found who would consent to make them full 

 citizens of the State, and as such, entitled to an 

 equality of all rights. It was apprehended that 

 the embarrassments arising in the State from a 

 scarcity of labor would tend to increase in sub- 

 sequent years, in consequence of the rapid dis- 

 appearance of the negro. 



ARMINTAN CHUECHES. (See EASTERN 

 CHUKCITES.) 



AEMY OF THE UNITED STATES. By 

 a communication from the War Department, in 

 response to a resolution adopted by the House 

 of Eepresentatives, it was shown that on Janu- 

 ary 9, 1866, the Army, both regular and volun- 

 teer, comprised 152,611 officers and men, organ- 

 ized and distributed as follows : 



This force was the residue of the great arrry 

 of 1,034,064 men in the national service on May 

 1, 1865. The work of disbanding the volunteer 

 troops remaining in the service was actively 

 continued during 1866, and at the close of the 

 year but 11,043 men, white and colored, of this 

 once famous and popular arm were left. The 

 following table, showing the number of volun- 

 teers in the Army at different periods of the 

 year, illustrates the process of reduction : 



January 9 123,356 



January 20 115,342 



February 15 81,612 



March 10 66,177 



May 1 47,282 



June 30 23,394 



November 1 11,043 



Thus, in eighteen months from the cessation 

 of hostilities, 1,023,021 men were disbanded 

 and transported to their homes. Seven-eighths 

 of this force were discharged previous to Jan- 

 uary 1, 1866, and the whole number could 

 easily have been disposed of within a year of 

 the termination of the war, had it not been 

 deemed necessary to retain a considerable force 

 of volunteers in the service pending the re- 

 organization of the regular army. So soon as 

 the latter shall be placed upon a permanent 

 footing, it is not likely that a single volunteer 

 soldier will be found in the Army. 



During the first session of the Thirty-ninth 

 Congress, two important bills were introduced, 

 regulating the military peace establishment of 

 the United States, one of which originated in 

 the Senate, and the other in the House of 

 Eepresentatives. The former, known as Sen- 

 ator Wilson's bill, provided for five regiments 

 of artillery, six of cavalry, and thirty-seven of 

 infantry; the latter, which was drawn up by 

 Mr, Schenck, of the House of Eepresenta- 

 tives, differed from the former principally in 

 making the infantry force comprise fifty regi- 

 ments, of which ten were to be formed from 

 the Veteran Eeserve Corps. It also aimed at ap- 

 pointing regimental adjutants, quartermasters, 

 and commissaries, and of filling original vacan- 

 cies in the lower grades of officers, from among 

 those who had been officers or soldiers of the 

 volunteers ; favored promotion by seniority in 

 several departments of the Army ; and was con- 

 sidered to do injustice to officers of the regu- 

 lar service. The Senate bill passed the body in 

 which it originated early in the session, but 

 made no further progress, the House adhering 

 tenaciously to its own bill. As it was feared 

 that between the rival projects no bill what- 

 ever would be.passed, which under existing cir- 

 cumstances would have proved detrimental to 

 the interests of the country, Gen. Grant was 

 induced to send the following communication 

 to the Secretary of War, recommending the 

 Senate bill, which, on May 17th, was Juid before 

 Congress by the President : 



HEADQTTAKTEHS ARMIES OF THK UNITED STATES, ) 

 WASHINGTON, D. 0.. May 16, 1866. ) 

 Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War : 

 SIR : In view of the long delay, in the lower House 



