50 



BADEN. 



BADGEE, GEOEGE E. 



all parts of the Peninsula to Turin, and that 

 sentiment of national unity created winch, when 

 Oavour came to relieve D'Azeglio, was made 

 the foundation of the new Italian kingdom. In 

 November, 1852, he left the cabinet, and for 

 seven years remained in private life. In March, 

 1859, he was sent to England on a special em- 

 bassy, and on his return accepted the temporary 

 presidency of the Eomagna; undertook, after 

 the peace of Villafranca, a confidential mission 

 to England ; and afterward the post of governor 

 of the city of Milan. Ill-health, love of art, 

 the desire for the retirement and pursuits ac- 

 cordant with, his tastes and habits, and some 

 differences of opinion with his colleagues, 

 caused him finally to withdraw from public 

 life. lie spent the greater part of his last years 

 in that pleasant Tuscan capital which he loved 

 so well, with no other labor to employ him 

 but the preparation of his memoirs, which he 

 has left only half completed. These will, no 

 doubt, add greatly to the riches of a literature 

 already opulent in autobiography, and will form 

 a precious contribution to the history of the 

 most important events of our time. 



The immediate cause of the Marquis d' Azeg- 

 lio's death was a fever taken by remaining toe 

 late in the season at his villa near Turin. He 

 aggravated the disorder, after returning to the 

 city, by writing constantly on his memoirs, but 

 his case was not considered alarming until 

 within a week before his death. A few days 

 later he was visited by the Prince of Carignano 

 and the Admiral Persano, whom he recognized, 

 saying, " Thanks, thanks ! I have been a faith- 

 ful servant to the house of Savoy." Others of 

 the great and noble from every part of Italy 

 came to take leave of him, and, although suf- 

 fering acutely, he received all graciously, and 

 was in such perfect possession of his faculties 

 as to be able to speak to each in the dialect of 

 his province. 



It is related that one morning, shortly before 

 his death, he heard the rehearsal of music for a 

 mass in a chapel near his house, and observed 

 quietly : " They are preparing for me the music 

 of the mass; very well! It is beautiful and 

 well done." Among his latest words were : 

 " Non posso far niente per V Italia!" (I can 

 do nothing more for Italy). 



B 



BADEN, a grand duchy in South Germany. 

 Grand Duke Friedrich, born September 9, 1826; 

 succeeded his father Leopold, as regent, on April 

 24, 1852 ; assumed the title of grand duke on 

 September 5, 1856. Area, 1,712 square miles; 

 population in 1864, 1,429,199 inhabitants (of 

 whom 933,476 were Catholics ; 472,258 mem- 

 bers of the United Evangelical Church; 25,263 

 Jews). The capital, Carlsruhe, had, in 1860, 

 30,367 inhabitants. The receipts of the financial 

 year 1863-'64 amounted to 18,920,463 florins, 

 and the expenditures to 18,132,693 florins. 

 The army, on the peace footing, is 7,908; and 

 on the war footing, 18,402 men. The Grand 

 Duke of Baden made special efforts to avert a 

 civil war in Germany, and when he was unsuc- 

 cessful took part, with great reluctance, in the 

 war. Baden is one of the States which were 

 not to form part of the North German Confed- 

 eration, but were left at liberty to form a South 

 German Confederation. At the close of the year 

 both the government and a majority of the two 

 Chambers expressed a desire to be received into 

 the North German Confederation. 



BADGEE, Hon. GEOEGE EDMUND, an Ameri- 

 can statesman, born at Newbern, N. C., April 

 13, 1795 ; died at Ealeigh, N. C., May 11, 1866. 

 He graduated at Yale College in 1813, and 

 studied law in Ealeigh, where he early became 

 distinguished for solidity and strength in his 

 profession. In 1816 he was elected to the 

 State Legislature, and devoted the next four 

 years of his life to law and legislation. From 

 1820 to 1825 he was Judge of the North Caro- 

 lina Superior Court at Ealeigh. In 1840 he 

 was a prominent advocate of the election of 



General Harrison to the Presidency, and on 

 the accession of that officer to the chair, Mr. 

 Badger was appointed Secretary of the Navy. 

 On the death of President Harrison, and the 

 separation of Mr. Tyler from the Whig party, 

 Mr. Badger resigned, giving the veto of Presi- 

 dent Tyler on the second Bank Bill as his 

 reason. The Whigs of North Carolina re- 

 warded the devotion of Badger by returning 

 him at the first opportunity to the Senate. He 

 was elected to fill a vacancy in 1846, and in 

 1848 reflected for a full term. In 1853 Presi- 

 dent Fillmore nominated him as a Judge of the 

 United States Supreme Court, but the Senate 

 refused to confirm the nomination. At the ex- 

 piration of his term of office, he retired from 

 public life, and devoted himself wholly to his 

 profession. In February, 1861, when the 

 proposition to hold a convention for the pur- 

 pose of seceding from the Union was submit- 

 ted to the people of his State, he consented to 

 serve as a Union candidate if the convention 

 should be called. The proposition was, how- 

 ever, defeated by the people ; but when in May, 

 1861, the convention was finally called, he 

 served in it as a representative from Wake 

 County. Ho spoke ably in defence of the 

 Union, and after the ordinance of secession 

 was passed, was known as a member of the 

 Conservative party. Mr. Badger was a vigor- 

 ous speaker, but writing was ever irksome to 

 him. " I will do any thing toward making a 

 speech," he would say, "but I cannot write." 

 As a lawyer he was seldom surpassed. In de- 

 bate he excelled in the precision with which 

 he could draw a nice distinction. He was pos- 



