BOURBON, MARIE A. 



royal family wore kept in a perpetual state of 

 iy and alarm. At length on the conquest 

 of Naples, in ITU*, IVnlinand and hisquecn fled 

 into Sicily \vitli their cliildren. Tlio Pi 

 Mario Am. Ik- remained nt Palermo with her 

 mother during the first Neapolitan revolution, 

 but in isoo the queen and her daughter went 

 to Vienna, returning to Naples two years later. 

 Kcncwcd political outbreaks compelled them 

 again to retire to Sicily, and it was during this 

 second residence there that the princess, for the 

 lirst time, met the Duke of Orleans, then, like 

 herself, an exile from his country. In 1809 

 they were married at Palermo, where they re- 

 sided in tranquillity and peace until 1814, when 

 the restoration of the House of Bourbon re- 

 stored the young duke to his due position in 

 France. The duchess joined him in a few 

 months, but the events of the Hundred Days 

 Boon compelled her to take refuge with her 

 children in England until 1817, when she re- 

 turned to Paris. From this period down to the 

 Revolution her residence was in France, where 

 her beauty of character and gentle piety won 

 the esteem even of the enemies of the House of 

 Orleans. Taking no part in political life, sho 

 devoted herself to the education of her chil- 

 dren, and to works of charity. The Revolution 

 of 1830 most unexpectedly placed her husband 

 on the throne, and made her Queen of the 

 French. Ere she had been many years in this 

 exalted position she was called to bury, in 1839, 

 an accomplished daughter, and in 1842 was sud- 

 denly bereaved of her eldest son, with whom 

 perished the best security of the house of Or- 

 leans. A few years later (in 1848) she was 

 called to strengthen and support her husband 

 under his trials. When the king declared his 

 determination to abdicate, she rebuked him with 

 earnestness, pronouncing revolution a crime and 

 abdication cowardice. "Sire," said she, "a 

 king should never lose his crown without 

 making an effort to defend it." Nevertheless, 

 when she saw that resistance was of no avail, 

 the queen subsided again into the wife, and she 

 prepared to accompany her husband in his 

 melancholy flight. Subsequently in the quiet 

 seclusion of Claremont sho devoted herself to 

 the task of soothing the regrets and cheering 

 the heart of the king until his death in 1850. 

 She was a woman of remarkably strong affec- 

 tions, and had not only the entire love and 

 respect of her own immediate family, but won 

 the hearts of all with whom she was in any 

 way associated. Though a strict Roman Cath- 

 olic, she made no distinction on account of faith 

 in her charities, and was held in the highest 

 veneration by all the poor around her. In ac- 

 cordance with her own expressed wish, sho was 

 buried in the dress she wore on leaving Franco 

 in 1848, for her long exile, and in her widow's 

 cap, in order to show "how unalterably faith- 

 ful sho remained to the two guiding feel- 

 ings of her life her devotion to her roval 

 husband, and her love for her adopted coun- 

 try." 



VOL. vi. 5 A 



BRANDE, WILLIAM T. 



65 



BRAINERD, Rer. THOMAS, D. D., an emi- 

 nent Presbyterian clergyman and author 

 in Central New York, Juno 17, 1804, died at 

 Scranton, Pa., August 22, 18CO. He was a di 

 rect descendant of Daniel Brainerd. of Puritan 

 renown, passed most of his childhood in tho 

 vicinity of Rome, Oneida County, N. Y., and 

 after graduating at Hamilton College, turned 

 his attention to the study of law. Before en- 

 gaging in practice, however, he discovered 

 hi- true sphere in life, and entered tho Theo- 

 logical Seminary at Andover, Mass., as a stu- 

 dent of divinity. Hero ho was recognized as 

 a student of uncommon promise. After com- 

 pleting his course in the seminary, he removed 

 to Philadelphia, and placed himself under tbo 

 tuition of tho Rev. Dr. Patterson, for whom 

 ho also preached at times in tho First Pres- 

 byterian Church of the Northern Liberties. 

 Prompted by an ardent zeal for the extension 

 of Christ's kingdom in the frontier States, he re- 

 moved to Cincinnati, where he found a promis- 

 ing field of missionary labor. Here he became 

 tho assistant of the Rev. Dr. Lyman Beecher, 

 and besides attending to his pastoral duties, 

 edited a weekly journal, now the "Chris- 

 tian Herald," and assisted in editing the "Pres- 

 byterian Quarterly Review." At that time the 

 home missionary cause was passing through u 

 serious conflict. Tho newly-founded Theolo- 

 gical Seminary, under the lead of Dr. Lyman 

 Beecher, was involved in great trouble. Dr. 

 Beecher, as tho representative of what was 

 called " the New School," was assailed with un- 

 relenting opposition, and no little virulence, by 

 the Rev. Dr. Wilson and his adherents. Through- 

 out this season, tho young editor did effective 

 work for the truth, and made his paper a power 

 in the land. In 1835, upon the resignation of tho 

 Rev. Dr. Ely, Mr. Brainerd was called to the 

 charge of the Old Pine Street Church, Phila- 

 delphia, the pulpit of which he has from that 

 time tilled in the most satisfactory and success- 

 ful manner. As a preacher, Dr. Brainerd was 

 earnest and eloquent, and as a pastor, faithful 

 and beloved by his entire people. He was of 

 very industrious literary habits, having been a 

 frequent contributor to the literary monthlies, 

 and the authpr of numerous published sermons 

 and tracts. Not long since ho gave to the 

 world what he modestly styled his "first book," 

 which bore tho following title: "The Life of 

 John Brainerd,the Brother of David Brainerd, 

 and his Successor, as Missionary to tho Indians 

 of New Jersey." This work was ably written, 

 and created a considerable sensation in the re- 

 ligious and literary world. 



BRANDE, WILLIAM THOMAS, D. C. L., F. R. S., 

 etc., an English physician, chemist, lecturer, 

 and author, born in 1786 ; died at Tunbridge 

 Wells, February 11, 1866. After an education 

 at Westminster, he was sent to Hanover, but in 

 1803, on the panic of Bonaparte's invasion, he 

 returned homo and entered St. George's Hos- 

 pital, attending the lectures and tho dissecting- 

 rooms. In 1808 ho commenced lecturing upon 



