84 



CALIFORNIA. 



tee ANTSOTAL CYCLOPEDIA for 1865, page 107, 

 and the article BAPTIST, in the present vol- 

 ume). 



BURTON", Rev. W ARBEIT, a Unitarian clergy- 

 man, lecturer, and author, born in Wilton, 

 N. H., November 23, 1800 ; died at Salem, Mass., 

 June 6, 1866. "With no better previous ad- 

 vantages than a district school, he achieved by 

 himself a preparation for college, with the occa- 

 sional instructions of a parish minister who 

 lived two miles distant, and entered Harvard 

 College in 1817, graduating with distinction in 

 1821. After the usual probation of teaching, 

 he entered the Theological School at Cambridge, 

 where his course of study was interrupted by 

 ill-health, and during absence from the school 

 he preached as an evangelist, by permission of 

 the faculty. In 1826 he completed his the- 

 ological course, and was ordained as the first 

 pastor of a new Unitarian society in East Cam- 

 bridge, March 5, 1828, but resigned his charge 

 June 7, 1829. He was not again settled, for he 

 preferred the temporary charge of societies to 

 an actual settlement. On the first of August, 

 1844, he entered on the duties of a ministry at 

 large in Boston. This ministry ceased in the 

 autumn of 1848, leaving on his mind the im- 



pression that reform in the homes of the peop.c 

 was much needed. To this end, he lectured in 

 various places until called to the ministry at 

 large, and the chaplaincy of the prison in Wor- 

 cester, on which duties he entered in April, 1849. 

 At the close of the year he resigned the minis- 

 try, and gave himself wholly, to the cause of 

 education in the home, for the remainder of hig 

 life. He was. chaplain to the State Senate in 

 1852, and to the House in 1858 and i860; also 

 to the State convention in 1853. His efforts 

 in the cause of education were unwearied. His 

 " District School as it Was," from its lively and 

 spirited pictures of the wretched condition of 

 the common school in the rural portions of 

 New England, greatly aided in revolutionizing 

 public sentiment #nd public action in rural 

 school edifices and management. His lecture on 

 "Scenery Showing; or, Word Painting of the 

 Beautiful, Picturesque, and Grand in Nature," 

 opened a new field of educational discussion and 

 practice. He was also the author of " Helps 

 to Education in the Homes of our Country," a 

 vohime of 368 pages, published in 1863, and 

 containing a series of subjects of the highest 

 practical value, discussed in a most interesting 

 and masterly manner. 



C 



CALIFORNIA, one of the Pacific States of 

 the Union, having Oregon on the north, Nevada 

 and Arizona on the east, Lower California on 

 the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. 

 It was admitted to the Union September 9, 

 1850. Its actual area, long in doubt, in conse- 

 quence of the disputed boundary between it 

 and Nevada, has at last been fixed at 188,981 

 square miles. Its population in 1860 was 379,- 

 994, and is now estimated in round numbers 

 at 500,000. There are forty-nine organized 

 counties in the State. The Governor, till Jan- 

 uary, 1868, is Frederick F. Low, whose official 

 residence is at Sacramento, the capital. His 

 salary is $7,000 in gold. Tha Legislature meets 

 biennially, its members being chosen in the odd 

 years, 1865, 1867, 1869, etc. There was no gen- 

 eral election held during the year 1866. The 

 Legislature, elected in 1865, had 32 Union Re- 

 publicans and 8 Democrats in the Senate, and 

 61 Union Republicans, and 19 Democrats in the 

 House. The latest general election held in the 

 State was a special one for justice of the Su- 

 preme Court, held October 18, 1865, when 

 Sanderson, the Republican candidate, received 

 33,221 votes, and Hartley, the Democratic can- 

 didate, 26,245. 



Mining is still the most important interest 

 in California, though agriculture and manufac- 

 tures are gaining upon it. The mineral products 

 of California, as well as those of the other States 

 and Territories of the Pacific slope, have been 

 made the subject of special investigation during 

 the past year by the United States Government. 



From the report of the special commissioner, 

 Mr. J. Ross Browne, made in January, 1867, 

 we gather the following items relative to Cali- 

 fornia. The product of gold in the State has been 

 decreasing for thirteen years; placer mining 

 has fallen to a very small aggregate, and hy- 

 draulic washing for gold is less profitable and 

 productive than formerly. The yield of the 

 quartz-mines is slowly increasing. There are 

 66 quartz-mills in the State, not all of them, 

 however, now in operation. Of these 52 are 

 propelled by water, 11 by steam, and 3 by 

 water and steam. The product of gold in the 

 State in 1866, partly estimated, was set down in 

 round numbers at $25,000,000. Very little 

 silver has been mined in California separately 

 from that contained in the gold. Copper is 

 becoming an important product of the State. 

 The following table shows the exportation of 

 copper ores from San Francisco since 1862 : 



The quicksilver mines of California are known 

 as the New Almaden mines, and have been open 

 since 1850. In August, 1863, a period of ten 

 years and eleven months, the total amount of 

 ore consumed was 102,313,442 pounds, and the 



