CONGRESS, UNITED STATES. 



235 



ivfrain from making such a distinction ; when vro 

 Imposed no oondiuoni on them; when we did 

 in>t Miggest any. Alter th'n course of legisla- 

 tion it * -ins to mo too late now to raise a 

 ijiK-htiMii upon that point." 



A tk'kiU', extending tliroagh several days, 

 took place on this motion to reconsider. The 

 vote was finally taken on April 25th, and re- 

 mit.. 1 in yeas 19, nays 13. fhe bill was then 

 ordered to ho engrossed, read a third time and 

 d, as follows: 



YEAS Messrs. Chandler, Clark, Conness, Cragin, 

 1 !!, Howard, Howe, Kirkwood, Lcne of In- 

 diunu, Nye, Pomeroy, Ramsey, Sherman, Sprague, 

 Stewart,' Trumbull, Van Winkle, Willey, and Wil- 

 Bon 19. 



NAYS Messrs. Buckalew. Davis, Doolittle, Ed- 

 munils, Fnstrr, Crimes, Guthrie, Hendricks, McDou- 

 gall, Morgan, Poland, Kiddle, and Sumner 18. 



ABSENT Messrs. Anthony, Brown, Cowan, Dixon, 

 Fessenden, Harris, Henderson, Johnson, Lane of 

 Kansas, Morrill, Nesmith, Norton, Saulsbury, Wade, 

 Williams, Wright, andYates 17. 



lu the ITouse, on the same day, it was passed 

 without debate, by the following vote: 



VKAS Messrs. Ames, Anderson, Delos B. Ashley, 

 James M. Ashley, Baker, Bunks, Barker, Beaman, 

 Benjamin, Bidwell, Bingham, Blow, Brandagce, 

 Bromwell, Buckland, Bundy, Reader W. Clark, Sid- 

 ney Clarke, Cobb, Conk'ling, Culloin, Defrees, 

 Deming, Dixon, Dodge, Donnelly, Driggs, Dumont, 

 Eckley, Farquhar, Ferry, Gartiefd, Gnunell, Abner 

 C. Harding, Hart, Henderson, Holmes, Hotcliki^, 

 Asahel W. Hubbard, Chester D. Hubbard, James R. 

 Hubbell, Ingersoll, Jenckes, Kasson, Kelso. Ketch- 

 nm, Latlin, Latham, George V. Lawrence, William 

 Lawrence, Loan, Longyear, Marston, McClurg, 

 AtcKee, Mercur, Miller, Moorhead, Moulton, Myers, 

 O'Neill, Orth, Patterson, Plants, Alexander H. Rice, 

 Rollins, Sawyer, Schenck, Shellabarger, Smith, 

 Spalding, ' Francis Thomas, Trowbridge, upson, Van 

 Aernam, Burt Van Horn, Robert T. Van Horn, 

 Warner, Welker, Whaley, and Williams 81. 



NATS Messrs. Allison, Alley, Ancona, Baxter, 

 Bergen, Blaine, Boutwell, Boyer, Broomall, Chanler, 

 Cofifroth, Darling, Dawson, Denison, Eldridge, Eliot, 

 Finck, Glossbrenncr, Grider, Griswold, Aaron Har- 



Perham, Pike, Raymond, John H. Rice, Ritter, Ross, 

 Rousseau, Shankhn, Stevens, Still well, Skrouse, Tay- 

 lor, Thornton, ElihuB. Waahbnrne, Henry D. Wash- 

 burn, James F. Wilson, Wiudom, Winfield, Wood- 

 bridge, and Wright 57. 



NOT VOTING Messrs. Baldwin, Cook, Culver, 

 Davis, Dawes, Delano, Eggleston, Farnsworth, Good- 

 vear, Hale, Hayes, Hill, Hogan, Hooper, Dcmas Hub- 

 bard, John H. Hubbard, Edward N. Hubbell, HuU 

 burd, James M. Humphrey, Johnson. Jones, Kerr, 

 Marvin, Mclndoe, Nicnolson, Noell, Phelps. Pome- 

 roy, Price, Radford, Samuel J. Randall, William H. 

 Randall, Rogers, Schofield, Sitgreaves, Sloan, Starr, 

 Tabor, Thayer, John L. Thomas, Trimble, Ward, 

 William B. Washburn, Weutwortb, and Stephen F. 

 Wilson 45. 



On May 16th the President returned the bill 

 to the Senate, with his objections, as follows : 

 To tfo Senate of the United States: 



I return to the Senate, in which it originated, the 

 bill which has passed both Houses of Congress, en- 

 titled "An act for the admission of the State of Colo- 

 rado into the Union," with my objections to it be- 

 coming a law at this time. 



1. 1 rum the best information which I have been 



able to obtain, I do Dot consider the establishment 

 of a State government at present necessary I 

 welfare of the people of Colorado. Under the exist* 

 ing territorial government all the rights, privilege*, 

 and interests of the citizens are protected and secured. 

 The qualified voters choose their own legislator* and 

 tln-ir own local officers, and are represented in Con- 

 gress by a Delegate of their own selection. They 

 make and execute their own municipal laws, subject 

 only to revision of Congress an authority not likely 

 to be exercised, unless in extreme or extraordinary 

 cases. The population is small, some estimating it 

 so low as twenty-five thousand, while advocates of 

 the bill reckon the number at from thirty-five thou- 

 sand to forty thousand souls. The people are princi- 

 pally recent settlers, many of whom are understood 

 to be ready for removal to other mining districts be- 

 yond the limits of the Territory if circumstances shall 

 render them more inviting. Such a population can- 

 not but find relief from excessive taxation if the Ter- 

 ritorial system, which devolves the expense of the 

 executive, legislative, and judicial departments upon 

 the United States, is for the present continued. They 

 cannot but find the security of person and property 

 increased by their reliance upon the national execu- 

 tive power for the maintenance of law and order 

 against the disturbances necessarily incident to all 

 newly-organized communities. 



2. It is not satisfactorily established that a ma- 

 jority of the citizens of Colorado desire or arc pre- 

 pared for an exchange of a territorial for a State gov- 

 ernment. In September, 1864, under the authority 

 of Congress, an election was lawfully appointed and 

 held for the purpose of ascertaining the views of the 

 people upon that particular question. Six thousand 

 one hundred and ninety-two votes were cast, and of 

 this number a majority of 3,152 was given against 

 the proposed change. In September, 1865, without 

 any legal authority, the question was again presented 

 to the people of the Territory with the view of ob- 

 taining a reconsideration of the result of the election 

 held in compliance with the act of Congress, ap- 

 proved March 21, 1864. At this second election 5,905 

 votes were polled, and a majority of 155 was given in 

 favor of State organization. It does not seem to me 

 entirely safe to receive this last-mentioned result, so 

 irregularly obtained, as sufficient to outweigh the 

 one which had been legally obtained in the first elec- 

 tion. Regularity and conformity to law are essential 

 to the preservation of order and stable government, 

 and should, as far as practicable, always be observed 

 in the formation of new States. 



3. The admission of Colorado at this time as a 

 State into the Federal Union appears to mo to be in- 

 compatible with the public interests of the country. 

 While it is desired that Territories sufficiently ma- 

 tured should be organized as States, yet the spirit 

 of the Constitution seems to require that there should 

 be an approximation toward equality among the sev- 

 eral States comprising the Union. No State can 

 have more than two Senators in Congress ; the largest 

 State has a population of four millions, several of 

 the States have a population exceeding two millions, 

 and many others have a population exceeding one 

 million. 



A population of one hundred and twenty-seven 

 thousand is the ratio of apportionment of Represent- 

 atives among the several States. If this bill should 

 become a law, the people of Colorado, thirty thou- 

 sand in number, would have in the House of Rep- 

 resentatives one member, while New York with a 

 population of four millions, has but thirty-one. 

 Colorado would have in the electoral college three 

 votes, while New York has only thirty-three. Colo- 

 rado would have in the State two rotes, while New 

 York has no more. 



Inequalities of this character have already oc- 

 curred, but it is believed that uone have happened 

 where the inequality was so great. When such in- 

 equality has been allowed, Congress is supposed to 



